Integrated GIS-based aquifer management system: A case study of Rajnandgaon District, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

Groundwater is one of nature's most important resources for providing human water needs and maintaining ecosystems. This study attempts a comprehensive analysis of the application of remote sensing and GIS techniques in groundwater and aquifer management, with a specific focus on the current state of groundwater resources and various management strategies implemented to ensure sustainability. Remote sensing and geographical information systems have emerged as powerful tools for monitoring and managing groundwater resources. The study utilizes field data and explores the use of satellite imagery and geospatial data to assess groundwater availability, recharge, and management. Rajnandgaon district has undertaken significant measures in aquifer management through the construction of 2087 mini percolation tanks across 813 Gram Panchayats in 9 blocks and other structures. These tanks have a cumulative storage capacity of 16.3 lakh cubic meters, facilitating the recharge of aquifers. The mini percolation tanks project has proven to be highly successful, both in terms of job creation and aquifer management for groundwater recharge. The total of 3,539 works executed has offered employment to a considerable number of people, totaling 7,135,677 man-days of work. Geotagging techniques were used to locate lakes (5,386) in all blocks of Rajnandgaon district through a field survey. Geotagged data were used for scientific research, monitoring changes in water bodies over time, and evaluating the effectiveness of water management and conservation efforts. This study encompasses a comprehensive approach, combining scientific and policy perspectives to provide a holistic understanding of groundwater dynamics, aquifer management, contamination risks, and regulatory frameworks.