Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101032
Yifei Meng , Siyu Gan , Jing Liang , Bin Chen , Rongyue Ma , Yasmeen Alhijjawi , Fan Yang , Shan Ren , Chi He , Jinpeng Shi , Aibin Zhu , Chunbao Xu , Chunli Zheng
A novel inexpensive modified calcium oxide (MCA) was prepared using commercial calcium oxide (CCO) and n-butanol and applied to curing phosphogypsum (PG) waste. With the MCA, the soluble phosphorus (SP), soluble fluoride (SF) and pH of PG changed from 230.6 mg/L, 180.7 mg/L and 2.89 drastically to 0.46 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L and 8.58 after 3 days, meeting the GB8978–1996 (SP≤0.5 mg/L, SF≤10 mg/L, pH = 6∼9), remaining stable even after 90 days. Our mechanism study revealed that the MCA reacted with SP to form amorphous CaHPO4 which further tranformed to Ca5(PO4)3OH. Ca5(PO4)3OH combined with SF to produce Ca5(PO4)3F (Ksp=2.1 × 10–59). Compared to CaF2 and CaHPO4, the Ksp of Ca5(PO4)3F decreased markedly by approximately 1048 and 1052 times. More importantly, in this work MCA has been industrially applied to cure 790,000-tons PG. Moritoring for >500 days showed that the SP, SF and pH values met the GB8976–1996 standard continuously. This study demonstrated a promising new approach to sustainable management of industrial PG waste by treating PG with the novel inexpensive MCA to solidify SF and SP into precipitates of Ca5(PO4)3F with greatly improved long-term stability.
{"title":"A new approach to sustainable management of industrial phosphogypsum waste: mechanism exploration and industrial application","authors":"Yifei Meng , Siyu Gan , Jing Liang , Bin Chen , Rongyue Ma , Yasmeen Alhijjawi , Fan Yang , Shan Ren , Chi He , Jinpeng Shi , Aibin Zhu , Chunbao Xu , Chunli Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel inexpensive modified calcium oxide (MCA) was prepared using commercial calcium oxide (CCO) and <em>n-</em>butanol and applied to curing phosphogypsum (PG) waste. With the MCA, the soluble phosphorus (SP), soluble fluoride (SF) and pH of PG changed from 230.6 mg/L, 180.7 mg/L and 2.89 drastically to 0.46 mg/L, 8.3 mg/L and 8.58 after 3 days, meeting the GB8978–1996 (SP≤0.5 mg/L, SF≤10 mg/L, pH = 6∼9), remaining stable even after 90 days. Our mechanism study revealed that the MCA reacted with SP to form amorphous CaHPO<sub>4</sub> which further tranformed to Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OH. Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OH combined with SF to produce Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>F (K<sub>sp</sub>=2.1 × 10<sup>–59</sup>). Compared to CaF<sub>2</sub> and CaHPO<sub>4</sub>, the K<sub>sp</sub> of Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>F decreased markedly by approximately 10<sup>48</sup> and 10<sup>52</sup> times. More importantly, in this work MCA has been industrially applied to cure 790,000-tons PG. Moritoring for >500 days showed that the SP, SF and pH values met the GB8976–1996 standard continuously. This study demonstrated a promising new approach to sustainable management of industrial PG waste by treating PG with the novel inexpensive MCA to solidify SF and SP into precipitates of Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO4)<sub>3</sub>F with greatly improved long-term stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101031
Jiun-Horng Tsai , Yu-Chen Lai , Zong-Jyun He , Ying-Chun Chan , Hung-Lung Chiang
To quantify motorcycle emissions under realistic operating conditions, this study reproduces on-road riding behavior rather than relying solely on certification driving cycles. A localized real-world motorcycle driving cycle was developed for Yunlin City, where riding behavior is characterized by lower traffic density and frequent transient operations. Compared with the urban segment of the World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC), the temporal shares of acceleration, cruising, and deceleration observed in Yunlin differed substantially, reflecting local traffic conditions, although the overall distributions of idling, acceleration, cruising, and deceleration were broadly comparable.
Exhaust emissions were measured from two motorcycles representing different regulatory phases. Under identical real-world operating conditions, the phase VII motorcycle exhibited mean exhaust concentrations of 0.39 % CO, 14.04 % CO₂, 23.82 ppm HC, and 64.91 ppm NOₓ, with a fuel consumption of 0.037 L·km⁻¹. In contrast, the phase IV motorcycle showed markedly higher pollutant levels—6.24 % CO, 10.85 % CO₂, 398.06 ppm HC, and 213.03 ppm NOₓ—and greater fuel use at 0.103 L·km⁻¹. On average, emissions from the phase IV motorcycle were 15.9 times higher for CO, 16.7 times for HC, and 3.28 times for NOₓ, while fuel consumption was 2.79 times higher and CO₂ emissions were 0.77 times lower than those of the phase VII motorcycle.
These results demonstrate that emission estimates derived from certification cycles may underestimate real-world motorcycle emissions, particularly for older vehicles. Incorporating localized driving behavior, such as that captured by the Yunlin Motorcycle Driving Cycle, is therefore essential for accurately characterizing in-use emissions and supporting effective emission assessment and regulatory planning in mixed urban–rural regions.
{"title":"Motorcycle driving cycle and emission characteristics in urban and rural complex metropolitan","authors":"Jiun-Horng Tsai , Yu-Chen Lai , Zong-Jyun He , Ying-Chun Chan , Hung-Lung Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To quantify motorcycle emissions under realistic operating conditions, this study reproduces on-road riding behavior rather than relying solely on certification driving cycles. A localized real-world motorcycle driving cycle was developed for Yunlin City, where riding behavior is characterized by lower traffic density and frequent transient operations. Compared with the urban segment of the World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC), the temporal shares of acceleration, cruising, and deceleration observed in Yunlin differed substantially, reflecting local traffic conditions, although the overall distributions of idling, acceleration, cruising, and deceleration were broadly comparable.</div><div>Exhaust emissions were measured from two motorcycles representing different regulatory phases. Under identical real-world operating conditions, the phase VII motorcycle exhibited mean exhaust concentrations of 0.39 % CO, 14.04 % CO₂, 23.82 ppm HC, and 64.91 ppm NOₓ, with a fuel consumption of 0.037 L·km⁻¹. In contrast, the phase IV motorcycle showed markedly higher pollutant levels—6.24 % CO, 10.85 % CO₂, 398.06 ppm HC, and 213.03 ppm NOₓ—and greater fuel use at 0.103 L·km⁻¹. On average, emissions from the phase IV motorcycle were 15.9 times higher for CO, 16.7 times for HC, and 3.28 times for NOₓ, while fuel consumption was 2.79 times higher and CO₂ emissions were 0.77 times lower than those of the phase VII motorcycle.</div><div>These results demonstrate that emission estimates derived from certification cycles may underestimate real-world motorcycle emissions, particularly for older vehicles. Incorporating localized driving behavior, such as that captured by the Yunlin Motorcycle Driving Cycle, is therefore essential for accurately characterizing in-use emissions and supporting effective emission assessment and regulatory planning in mixed urban–rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100983
Sathish Sundararaman , Bagavathy Sudalai Muthu , Venkat Vignesh Seenuvasan , D. Prabu , D. Venkatesan , J. Aravind Kumar , M. Kavisri , Praburaman Loganathan , Meivelu Moovendhan
Introduction
The accumulation of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems has emerged as a critical environmental and public health concern, leading to water scarcity, deteriorating water quality, and escalating treatment costs in many regions across the globe. This comparative study investigates the utilization of bio-based adsorbents for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical contaminants specifically the antibiotic amoxicillin from wastewater.
Method
Both agro-based and organism-derived adsorbents exhibit promising characteristics such as high porosity, extensive specific surface area, superior adsorption capacity, and environmental sustainability. These green adsorbents operate through multiple adsorption mechanisms, including π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and weak van der Waals forces, enabling effective contaminant removal. Unlike synthetic materials, they are renewable, biodegradable, and free from secondary pollution, making them ideal for sustainable water treatment applications.
Result
The study further analyses the influence of key production parameters such as activation temperature, pH, precursor type, and surface modification on adsorptive efficiency and compares the performance of agro-waste-based adsorbents with conventional synthetic alternatives.
Conclusion
By comparing or contrasting the articles, a step by step process for the number of preparation and modification steps of biosorbents is developed that also turns out to be agro-based or natural polymer or microorganism having an incredibly high adsorption capacities and capabilities and it can be used in order to treat organically loaded wastewater more economically, efficiently and effectively than the conventional treatment methods because of their characteristics of high orders such as tolerance to contaminants
{"title":"Insight for the excision of amoxicillin using bio-sorbents from effluent: Impact, fate and treatment mechanism for Water Management– A review","authors":"Sathish Sundararaman , Bagavathy Sudalai Muthu , Venkat Vignesh Seenuvasan , D. Prabu , D. Venkatesan , J. Aravind Kumar , M. Kavisri , Praburaman Loganathan , Meivelu Moovendhan","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The accumulation of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic ecosystems has emerged as a critical environmental and public health concern, leading to water scarcity, deteriorating water quality, and escalating treatment costs in many regions across the globe. This comparative study investigates the utilization of bio-based adsorbents for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical contaminants specifically the antibiotic amoxicillin from wastewater.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Both agro-based and organism-derived adsorbents exhibit promising characteristics such as high porosity, extensive specific surface area, superior adsorption capacity, and environmental sustainability. These green adsorbents operate through multiple adsorption mechanisms, including π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and weak van der Waals forces, enabling effective contaminant removal. Unlike synthetic materials, they are renewable, biodegradable, and free from secondary pollution, making them ideal for sustainable water treatment applications.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The study further analyses the influence of key production parameters such as activation temperature, pH, precursor type, and surface modification on adsorptive efficiency and compares the performance of agro-waste-based adsorbents with conventional synthetic alternatives.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By comparing or contrasting the articles, a step by step process for the number of preparation and modification steps of biosorbents is developed that also turns out to be agro-based or natural polymer or microorganism having an incredibly high adsorption capacities and capabilities and it can be used in order to treat organically loaded wastewater more economically, efficiently and effectively than the conventional treatment methods because of their characteristics of high orders such as tolerance to contaminants</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100983"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101008
Hasan Mozaffari , Ali Akbar Moosavi , Shekoufeh Forouzan , Sajjad Abbasi
Polypropylene (PP) plastic material is widely used in food packaging and agricultural-related tools, and is a major source of microplastics that degrade into agricultural soils and the environment. Generally, measuring soil microplastics content is laborious, expensive, and time-consuming. Therefore, in the present study, we attempted to indirectly predict the soil PP microplastic content using visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra by applying the partial least square regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and support vector regression (SVR) models. The experiment was performed using ten calcareous soils of diverse and varied ranges of initial characteristics collected from Fars Province, Iran. The soils were polluted with varying concentrations of PP microplastics (0–5 %wt), based on a normal distribution to obtain ten polluted subsamples for each of the ten studied soils (total of 100 samples). Results illustrated the strong potential of Vis-NIR spectroscopy for predicting soil PP microplastic content in calcareous soils with R2CV (coefficient of determination related to leave-one-out cross-validation) values of 0.92 and 0.92, and RPIQCV (ratio of performance to interquartile range related to leave-one-out cross-validation) values of 4.62 and 4.68 when, respectively, PLSR and PCR were used as predictive models. A 10-variable MLR-based spectrotransfer function, STF (which actually is a kind of pedotransfer function in which only spectral bands are considered as predictors), was derived with R2CV and RPIQCV values of 0.91 and 4.31, respectively, using reflectance values at 448, 528, 1082, 1415, 1724, 1913, 2010, 2221, 2302, and 2345 nm wavelengths as effective and key spectral bands for predicting soil PP microplastic content. However, the SVR method presented lower performances with R2CV and RPIQCV values of 0.89 and 3.88, respectively. Generally, the developed MLR-based STF is simple and practical, and it can be tested and applied to predict PP microplastic content in soils under various conditions.
{"title":"Innovative approach for determining polypropylene microplastics pollution in calcareous soils: Vis-NIR spectroscopy","authors":"Hasan Mozaffari , Ali Akbar Moosavi , Shekoufeh Forouzan , Sajjad Abbasi","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polypropylene (PP) plastic material is widely used in food packaging and agricultural-related tools, and is a major source of microplastics that degrade into agricultural soils and the environment. Generally, measuring soil microplastics content is laborious, expensive, and time-consuming. Therefore, in the present study, we attempted to indirectly predict the soil PP microplastic content using visible (Vis) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectra by applying the partial least square regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and support vector regression (SVR) models. The experiment was performed using ten calcareous soils of diverse and varied ranges of initial characteristics collected from Fars Province, Iran. The soils were polluted with varying concentrations of PP microplastics (0–5 %wt), based on a normal distribution to obtain ten polluted subsamples for each of the ten studied soils (total of 100 samples). Results illustrated the strong potential of Vis-NIR spectroscopy for predicting soil PP microplastic content in calcareous soils with R<sup>2</sup><sub>CV</sub> (coefficient of determination related to leave-one-out cross-validation) values of 0.92 and 0.92, and RPIQ<sub>CV</sub> (ratio of performance to interquartile range related to leave-one-out cross-validation) values of 4.62 and 4.68 when, respectively, PLSR and PCR were used as predictive models. A 10-variable MLR-based spectrotransfer function, STF (which actually is a kind of pedotransfer function in which only spectral bands are considered as predictors), was derived with R<sup>2</sup><sub>CV</sub> and RPIQ<sub>CV</sub> values of 0.91 and 4.31, respectively, using reflectance values at 448, 528, 1082, 1415, 1724, 1913, 2010, 2221, 2302, and 2345 nm wavelengths as effective and key spectral bands for predicting soil PP microplastic content. However, the SVR method presented lower performances with R<sup>2</sup><sub>CV</sub> and RPIQ<sub>CV</sub> values of 0.89 and 3.88, respectively. Generally, the developed MLR-based STF is simple and practical, and it can be tested and applied to predict PP microplastic content in soils under various conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101037
Rupin Kumar , Jyoti Yadav , Sandhya Rai , Parimal K. Khan , Amod Kumar
The global issue of plastic waste accumulation may eventually be addressed through biological systems that break down plastics and utilize the resultant by-products. In the current study, we primarily focus on the practical applicability of these systems in real-world scenarios. We examined the differences between controlled laboratory condition (CC) and environmental-like controlled condition (ECC) for consumption efficiency, feeding behaviour, and the effect on larval health for plastic biodegradation assay. Plastic sample exposed to insects shows significant chemical modification in fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum suggesting oxidative and structural degradation. In-silico toxicity (PROTOX-3.0) results shows high probability for hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) highlighting toxicity concern for ethylene. Molecular docking results shows strong binding affinities of several enzymes (oxidoreductases and hydrolases) with plastic polymers supports our findings, indicating potential role in degradation. Comet assay analysis revealed plastic consumption leads to severe genotoxic stress that the insect larvae that were on plastic diet.
{"title":"Environmental application of plastic masticating insects: perspective of a sustainable approach to plastic degradation","authors":"Rupin Kumar , Jyoti Yadav , Sandhya Rai , Parimal K. Khan , Amod Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global issue of plastic waste accumulation may eventually be addressed through biological systems that break down plastics and utilize the resultant by-products. In the current study, we primarily focus on the practical applicability of these systems in real-world scenarios. We examined the differences between controlled laboratory condition (CC) and environmental-like controlled condition (ECC) for consumption efficiency, feeding behaviour, and the effect on larval health for plastic biodegradation assay. Plastic sample exposed to insects shows significant chemical modification in fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum suggesting oxidative and structural degradation. In-silico toxicity (PROTOX-3.0) results shows high probability for hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and interactions with cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9) highlighting toxicity concern for ethylene. Molecular docking results shows strong binding affinities of several enzymes (oxidoreductases and hydrolases) with plastic polymers supports our findings, indicating potential role in degradation. Comet assay analysis revealed plastic consumption leads to severe genotoxic stress that the insect larvae that were on plastic diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101037"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101018
Chengli Du , Yunhao Chen , Zhentao Yang , Linping Cao , Zhengliang Tu
As emerging environmental contaminants with suspected human health impacts, benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) lack empirical evidence regarding pulmonary carcinogenicity in exposed populations, highlighting the need to investigate their potential association with lung cancer. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between urinary BUVSs concentrations and lung cancer risk within the general population of Hangzhou, China. This case-control study included 397 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and an equivalent cohort of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Urine samples were analyzed for five different types of BUVSs, with total concentrations ranging from 0.46 to 36.40 μg/g creatinine. 2-(2′-Hydroxy-3′,5′-di‑tert-butylphenyl)-5‑chloro-benzotriazole (UV-327) was the most prevalent, with a mean concentration of 5.09 μg/g creatinine. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for assessing lung cancer risk in relation to urinary BUVSs concentrations. Following adjustment for covariates including sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, and dietary habits, urinary 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-p-cresol (UV-P) was the only BUVS demonstrating a significant correlation with lung cancer risk. Participants in the highest urinary UV-P concentration group exhibited a 4.5-fold higher risk of lung cancer relative to those in the lowest group (adjusted OR = 4.55, 95 % CI:2.84–7.28, p for trend < 0.01). The link between elevated UV-P exposure and a higher risk of lung cancer was affected by factors such as smoking status and dietary habits. These findings provide novel evidence of a potential association between BUVSs exposure—particularly UV-P—and lung cancer in the general Chinese population, and highlight the need for future longitudinal and mechanistic studies to confirm these associations and elucidate the underlying biological pathways.
{"title":"Association between urinary benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers and lung cancer risk: A case-control study","authors":"Chengli Du , Yunhao Chen , Zhentao Yang , Linping Cao , Zhengliang Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As emerging environmental contaminants with suspected human health impacts, benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs) lack empirical evidence regarding pulmonary carcinogenicity in exposed populations, highlighting the need to investigate their potential association with lung cancer. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between urinary BUVSs concentrations and lung cancer risk within the general population of Hangzhou, China. This case-control study included 397 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients and an equivalent cohort of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Urine samples were analyzed for five different types of BUVSs, with total concentrations ranging from 0.46 to 36.40 μg/g creatinine. 2-(2′-Hydroxy-3′,5′-di‑tert-butylphenyl)-5‑chloro-benzotriazole (UV-327) was the most prevalent, with a mean concentration of 5.09 μg/g creatinine. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for assessing lung cancer risk in relation to urinary BUVSs concentrations. Following adjustment for covariates including sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, and dietary habits, urinary 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-<em>p</em>-cresol (UV-P) was the only BUVS demonstrating a significant correlation with lung cancer risk. Participants in the highest urinary UV-P concentration group exhibited a 4.5-fold higher risk of lung cancer relative to those in the lowest group (adjusted OR = 4.55, 95 % CI:2.84–7.28, <em>p</em> for trend < 0.01). The link between elevated UV-P exposure and a higher risk of lung cancer was affected by factors such as smoking status and dietary habits. These findings provide novel evidence of a potential association between BUVSs exposure—particularly UV-P—and lung cancer in the general Chinese population, and highlight the need for future longitudinal and mechanistic studies to confirm these associations and elucidate the underlying biological pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Workers in the stone-cutting industry are exposed to hazardous pollutants originating from adhesives, lubricants, resins, and surface coatings used during polishing, which enter wastewater through high-pressure rinsing. While inhalation and dermal contact have been widely studied, accidental ingestion of contaminated water remains an overlooked pathway in occupational health. In this study, eight priority pollutants were quantified in polishing wastewater using DLLME followed by GC/MS. These contaminants included Bisphenol A (BPA) and Methylphenol (MP) as phenolic compounds; Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB), Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), and Dichlorobiphenyl (DCB) as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and Naphthol (Nap), Phenanthrene (Ph), and Chrysene (Chy) as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Human health risks were assessed through Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analysis. Results showed that several pollutants exceeded the non-carcinogenic safety threshold (HQ > 1), and the cumulative Hazard Index (HI) was far greater than 1. The total cancer risk (TCR) also surpassed the acceptable limit (1 × 10⁻⁴). These findings highlight ingestion as a critical but neglected exposure route that should be explicitly integrated into occupational risk assessments.
{"title":"Toxic contaminants in wastewater from the stone-cutting industry: Monitoring and occupational risk via accidental ingestion","authors":"MohammadMehdi Fowzi , Ehsan Jafarpisheh , Farzaneh Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Workers in the stone-cutting industry are exposed to hazardous pollutants originating from adhesives, lubricants, resins, and surface coatings used during polishing, which enter wastewater through high-pressure rinsing. While inhalation and dermal contact have been widely studied, accidental ingestion of contaminated water remains an overlooked pathway in occupational health. In this study, eight priority pollutants were quantified in polishing wastewater using DLLME followed by GC/MS. These contaminants included Bisphenol A (BPA) and Methylphenol (MP) as phenolic compounds; Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB), Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), and Dichlorobiphenyl (DCB) as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and Naphthol (Nap), Phenanthrene (Ph), and Chrysene (Chy) as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Human health risks were assessed through Monte Carlo simulations and sensitivity analysis. Results showed that several pollutants exceeded the non-carcinogenic safety threshold (HQ > 1), and the cumulative Hazard Index (HI) was far greater than 1. The total cancer risk (TCR) also surpassed the acceptable limit (1 × 10⁻⁴). These findings highlight ingestion as a critical but neglected exposure route that should be explicitly integrated into occupational risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101035
Eva Martinková, Ondřej Šebek, Alexandre V. Andronikov, Markéta Štěpánová, Jan Čuřík, František Veselovský, Zuzana Čvančarová, Anna Vynnychuk, Tamara Sidorinová
This study evaluates the influence of digestion methods on metal concentrations and results of isotopic analysis of dusts generated during electronic waste processing. E-waste dusts were collected from processing units such as photovoltaic panels, LCD and CRT monitors, and mixed e-waste. Following methods were used for digestion: i) aqua regia with a temperature pretreatment at 110°C, ii) concentrated acids (HClO4, HF, HNO3) with a temperature pretreatment at 550°C. Results showed that concentrated acids with 550°C pretreatment generally yielded significantly higher recoveries for most elements (e.g., Ag, Al, Ba, K, Na, Pb). Conversely, aqua regia was more efficient for Sn recovery, as the higher temperature used with concentrated acids led to the formation of volatile SnCl₄ and subsequent Sn loss. A significant Pb isotopic shift was observed between the two methods in glass-rich samples, indicating that aqua regia leached readily available Pb, while concentrated acids (mostly HF) released Pb (of different origin) incorporated within the glass. The isotopic analyses revealed consistent δ66/64Zn (-0.078 to 0.052) and δ65/63Cu values (0.170 to 0.313) across both methods. Slight changes in δ66/64Zn and δ114/110Cd values were attributed to sample heterogeneity, origin or phase changes after higher temperature treatment at 550°C. A distinct Cu isotopic signature (δ65/63Cu 0.067 and 0.078) in CRT dust suggests a different historical origin of Cu in older devices. These findings highlight the crucial role of selecting a digestion method that is appropriate for the specific e-waste dust, to ensure accurate elemental and isotopic analysis.
{"title":"Effect of digestion method on elemental concentrations and Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb isotopic signatures of e‑waste dust from different processing units","authors":"Eva Martinková, Ondřej Šebek, Alexandre V. Andronikov, Markéta Štěpánová, Jan Čuřík, František Veselovský, Zuzana Čvančarová, Anna Vynnychuk, Tamara Sidorinová","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the influence of digestion methods on metal concentrations and results of isotopic analysis of dusts generated during electronic waste processing. E-waste dusts were collected from processing units such as photovoltaic panels, LCD and CRT monitors, and mixed e-waste. Following methods were used for digestion: i) aqua regia with a temperature pretreatment at 110°C, ii) concentrated acids (HClO<sub>4</sub>, HF, HNO<sub>3</sub>) with a temperature pretreatment at 550°C. Results showed that concentrated acids with 550°C pretreatment generally yielded significantly higher recoveries for most elements (e.g., Ag, Al, Ba, K, Na, Pb). Conversely, aqua regia was more efficient for Sn recovery, as the higher temperature used with concentrated acids led to the formation of volatile SnCl₄ and subsequent Sn loss. A significant Pb isotopic shift was observed between the two methods in glass-rich samples, indicating that aqua regia leached readily available Pb, while concentrated acids (mostly HF) released Pb (of different origin) incorporated within the glass. The isotopic analyses revealed consistent δ<sup>66/64</sup>Zn (-0.078 to 0.052) and δ<sup>65/63</sup>Cu values (0.170 to 0.313) across both methods. Slight changes in δ<sup>66/64</sup>Zn and δ<sup>114/110</sup>Cd values were attributed to sample heterogeneity, origin or phase changes after higher temperature treatment at 550°C. A distinct Cu isotopic signature (δ<sup>65/63</sup>Cu 0.067 and 0.078) in CRT dust suggests a different historical origin of Cu in older devices. These findings highlight the crucial role of selecting a digestion method that is appropriate for the specific e-waste dust, to ensure accurate elemental and isotopic analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101036
Luke A. Gurtowski , Sheila J. McLeod , Sarah Grace Zetterholm , Chris S. Griggs , Josh Gramm , Jaylen Davis , Florence Sanchez
Graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were evaluated against munitions compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) in aqueous solutions for adsorptive removal performance. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize samples and inform adsorption mechanisms. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies were conducted in deionized water and compared with granular activated carbon (GAC). Evaluations were conducted with varying pH levels, ionic strengths, and temperatures and with surface water solutions to assess the impact of environmental factors on performance and further inform adsorption mechanisms. This study demonstrated that GnPs exhibited more rapid adsorption than GAC. Furthermore, TNT was adsorbed with greater capacity by GnPs compared to GAC, while GnPs removed RDX in greater capacity only when results were normalized for surface area. The more planar structure of GnPs may have contributed to performance enhancements relative to GAC. Adsorption was not impacted by variations in pH or ionic strength, indicating stable performance in different environments. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that removal was more favorable at higher temperatures. Furthermore, π-π interactions likely facilitated TNT removal by GnPs, while RDX was removed through physisorption by van der Waals forces. This study advanced understanding of environmental management of munitions compounds, as the adsorptive performance of GnPs for munitions compounds in solutions within a natural environmental matrix were evaluated, and key mechanisms supporting adsorptive removal of these compounds were informed. Overall, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of GnPs in treating water contaminated with TNT or RDX, particularly when rapid adsorption is preferred.
{"title":"Investigation of graphene nanoplatelets for adsorptive removal of aqueous munitions compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX)","authors":"Luke A. Gurtowski , Sheila J. McLeod , Sarah Grace Zetterholm , Chris S. Griggs , Josh Gramm , Jaylen Davis , Florence Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were evaluated against munitions compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX) in aqueous solutions for adsorptive removal performance. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize samples and inform adsorption mechanisms. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies were conducted in deionized water and compared with granular activated carbon (GAC). Evaluations were conducted with varying pH levels, ionic strengths, and temperatures and with surface water solutions to assess the impact of environmental factors on performance and further inform adsorption mechanisms. This study demonstrated that GnPs exhibited more rapid adsorption than GAC. Furthermore, TNT was adsorbed with greater capacity by GnPs compared to GAC, while GnPs removed RDX in greater capacity only when results were normalized for surface area. The more planar structure of GnPs may have contributed to performance enhancements relative to GAC. Adsorption was not impacted by variations in pH or ionic strength, indicating stable performance in different environments. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that removal was more favorable at higher temperatures. Furthermore, π-π interactions likely facilitated TNT removal by GnPs, while RDX was removed through physisorption by van der Waals forces. This study advanced understanding of environmental management of munitions compounds, as the adsorptive performance of GnPs for munitions compounds in solutions within a natural environmental matrix were evaluated, and key mechanisms supporting adsorptive removal of these compounds were informed. Overall, this study demonstrated the effectiveness of GnPs in treating water contaminated with TNT or RDX, particularly when rapid adsorption is preferred.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anemia is a significant global health problem, particularly affecting women and children. This study investigates the correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, access to clean household fuels, and anemia prevalence in vulnerable populations across 122 countries. This ecological study conducted an analysis using national-level data from 122 countries to examine the correlation between PM2.5 (in 2 years 2016 and 2019) and the percentage of the population with access to clean cooking fuels at the same time, along with three outcomes, including anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years), pregnant women, and children (6–59 months). Multiple linear regression was used to identify significant factors associated with anemia in these groups. Scatter plots illustrated how anemia prevalence varied across countries with air pollution, the Human Development Index (HDI), and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), highlighting the interplay between environmental and socio-economic factors. The positive association was observed between PM₂.₅ and anemia prevalence among non-pregnant women (β=0.16, P=0.001). Similar positive associations were observed for pregnant women (β=0.12, P=0.008) and children under five (β=0.182, P=0.001). Conversely, there was negative association between access to clean cooking and anemia prevalence among pregnant women (β = -0.23, p ≤ 0.001). Similar negative association was observed among children under five (β = -0.108, p =0.011). Results were consistent across exposure years (2016, 2019). These findings indicate that exposure to PM₂.₅ and limited access to clean fuel are significantly associated with increased anemia prevalence among women and children worldwide, independent of socioeconomic development. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental factors, particularly air pollution, into public health strategies aimed at reducing anemia, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
{"title":"Global air pollution and clean fuel access to anemia burden in vulnerable populations","authors":"Reza Mosaddegh , Najmeh Zarei Jelyani , Saeid Gholami Gharab , Alireza Eshghi , Nilufar Marufi , Sara Naderpour , Saeedeh Askari , Mitra Gholami , Rozhan Khezri , Fatemeh Rezaei","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.101000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.101000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia is a significant global health problem, particularly affecting women and children. This study investigates the correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) exposure, access to clean household fuels, and anemia prevalence in vulnerable populations across 122 countries. This ecological study conducted an analysis using national-level data from 122 countries to examine the correlation between PM<sub>2.5</sub> (in 2 years 2016 and 2019) and the percentage of the population with access to clean cooking fuels at the same time, along with three outcomes, including anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years), pregnant women, and children (6–59 months). Multiple linear regression was used to identify significant factors associated with anemia in these groups. Scatter plots illustrated how anemia prevalence varied across countries with air pollution, the Human Development Index (HDI), and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), highlighting the interplay between environmental and socio-economic factors. The positive association was observed between PM₂.₅ and anemia prevalence among non-pregnant women (β=0.16, P=0.001). Similar positive associations were observed for pregnant women (β=0.12, P=0.008) and children under five (β=0.182, P=0.001). Conversely, there was negative association between access to clean cooking and anemia prevalence among pregnant women (β = -0.23, p ≤ 0.001). Similar negative association was observed among children under five (β = -0.108, p =0.011). Results were consistent across exposure years (2016, 2019). These findings indicate that exposure to PM₂.₅ and limited access to clean fuel are significantly associated with increased anemia prevalence among women and children worldwide, independent of socioeconomic development. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating environmental factors, particularly air pollution, into public health strategies aimed at reducing anemia, especially in low- and middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 101000"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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