Mitigating CO2 emissions: A review on emerging technologies/strategies for CO2 capture

Abstract

The growing challenges posed by climate change have prompted global efforts to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels. One crucial strategy to meet CO₂ emission reduction targets is carbon capture and sequestration, which plays a pivotal role in transitioning to low - carbon energy systems in the coming years. This paper summarizes the recent developments in carbon capture technologies and enhanced strategies, emphasizing mitigating anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. Initially, the existing carbon capture strategies, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxyfuel combustion capture, are discussed. Subsequently, an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of each strategy is provided, followed by a comparative evaluation to assess their efficiencies and suitability for achieving zero carbon footprints. Next, different carbon capture techniques are examined, encompassing various methods such as absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, cryogenic separation, and chemical looping. Each method is thoroughly analyzed, detailing its mechanisms and feasibility for large-scale deployment. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of these CO₂ capture technologies is provided, focusing on their advantages and constraints. The integration of strategies and technologies outlined in this paper serves as a valuable reference for scholars, industry experts, and policymakers, aiming to navigate the intricate realm of carbon capture. By elucidating the intricacies of different capture methods and technologies, this review adds to the ongoing discussion on sustainable practices and the urgent need to mitigate carbon emissions.