A review of β-cyclodextrin-based catalysts system in the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide

Abstract

Carbon fixation is a vital chemical and biological methodology where carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the environment is altered into organic materials. This process creates the basis of the carbon cycle. It plays a significant role in maintaining Earth’s life and adjusting its climate. Cyclic carbonates are best known as multipurpose compounds and have broad utility in pharmaceutical construction and producing multiple fine chemicals. The cycloaddition of CO₂ and epoxide to create cyclic carbonates is regarded as one of the most hopeful CO₂ transformations due to its completely non-toxicity, economical, and much atomic economy technical routes for the employment of CO₂. However, utilizing the highly chemically stable CO₂ requires high bond cleavage energy of the CO bond. Therefore, it is crucial to design and develop appropriate catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO₂. Recently, employing β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a catalyst has dramatically improved due to unique properties like low-price, available, non-toxic, stable, biodegradable, renewable, green, eco-friendly, and the ability to create inclusion complexes. This investigation studies the preparation of cyclic carbonates utilizing a β-CD-based catalyst system via CO₂ molecular, which profoundly analyzes the research advancement of recent years. This review helps scientists to use contemporary improvements and, therefore, may furnish several beneficial visions for future studies on the construction of cyclic carbonates utilizing CO₂ as the feedstock. It will deliver a helpful reference and directory for researchers to progress better.