Journal of CO2 Utilization最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the role of pressurized CO2 in the direct recycling process of Li-ion battery positive electrode","authors":"Neil Hayagan ,&nbsp;Pierre Guillou ,&nbsp;Jacob Olchowka ,&nbsp;Fatma Ercicek ,&nbsp;Carole Lecoutre ,&nbsp;Olivier Nguyen ,&nbsp;Cyril Aymonier ,&nbsp;Samuel Marre ,&nbsp;Arnaud Erriguible ,&nbsp;Gilles Philippot","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ternary mixture of carbon dioxide (CO₂), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and acetone enabled an efficient delamination of Li-ion battery (LIB) positive electrode inciting an interest to study the ternary mixture behavior. Pressurized fluids, such as CO₂, are known to be beneficial in various chemical processes. However, the behavior of CO₂, when mixed with TEP and acetone is not well understood, particularly under pressure and temperature conditions. This study investigates the behavior of CO₂ or nitrogen (N₂) in mixtures with TEP and acetone at various compositions, using experimental investigations of the ternary system. Experimental data covers four temperatures at 35°C, 70°C, 100°C and 120°C at a constant pressure of 100 bar. The phase behaviors of the binary and ternary mixtures were observed using a transparent reactor, while the compositions were analyzed <em>in situ</em> with Raman spectroscopy. Under isobaric conditions, a single phase was observed with CO₂ at 35°C, both in the binary systems with either TEP or acetone, as well as in the ternary mixture. In contrast, a biphasic system was observed at higher temperatures (70°C, 100°C, and 120°C) in all mixtures containing CO₂. Specifically, the biphasic condition at 55°C at 100 bar, of the mixtures were semi-quantitatively investigated using Raman spectroscopy to probe the compositions in the vapor and liquid phases. These observations elucidate the crucial role of CO₂ in the delamination of the positive electrode in LIB using the TEP-acetone-CO₂ system enabling high efficiency, low solvent consumption, and a faster processing time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103080"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of thermal effects and transient reactor profiles in a plasma-sorbent system for simultaneous CO2 capture and conversion","authors":"Huub van den Bogaard ,&nbsp;Ludovica Villantieri ,&nbsp;Pierdomenico Biasi ,&nbsp;Fausto Gallucci ,&nbsp;Sirui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ capture and utilisation (CCU) is a promising solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and has received much attention recently. Usually, CO₂ is captured and utilised in two separate processes. In this work, we focus on integrating both processes in one single unit using a non-thermal plasma reactor packed with zeolite 5 A as the CO₂ sorbent. CO₂ adsorbed by the sorbent can be desorbed and simultaneously activated by applying a plasma over the sorbent bed. In such case, the plasma-sorbent system demonstrated a transient behaviour including the variation of CO₂ concentration, plasma power and reactor temperature. This work aims to understand such behaviour better and to optimise the process by selecting a suitable desorption duration. To study the time-resolved radial temperature profiles and to highlight the effect of in situ CO₂ conversion on CO₂ desorption rate, a 2D phenomenological reactor model was developed. This model predicts heating and desorption behaviour in two different cases: 1) heating from a central heating rod, and 2) heating from the bulk of the sorbent bed with a fixed conversion that is provided as a modelling input. The first case represents temperature swing adsorption (TSA), while the latter represents the heating effect in the case of plasma-assisted desorption. Experiments were also conducted to verify the model and investigate the desorption and conversion of CO₂. The results showed that in situ CO₂ conversion during plasma-assisted desorption increases the desorption rate compared to TSA. Thermal desorption plays an important role in the plasma-induced desorption of CO₂, and a more uniform radial temperature profile can be achieved compared to using a central heating rod. In addition, it was observed that CO₂ conversion stagnates after 4 minutes of plasma exposure. Longer exposure times did not lead to higher CO₂ conversions because the reverse reaction of O₂ and CO to CO₂ competed with the forward reaction. Although plasma-induced desorption has a much higher energy consumption compared to TSA, 14.5 % CO₂ conversion can be achieved during the desorption process, and shorter cycle times can be achieved because of the faster desorption rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103081"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Product Environmental Footprint in the construction sector – Proposal and assessment of a representative product for carbon-reinforced concrete","authors":"Pamela Haverkamp,&nbsp;Laura Schmidt,&nbsp;Jana Gerta Backes,&nbsp;Marzia Traverso","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a representative product for carbon-reinforced concrete (CRC) in Germany is proposed according to the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) method by the European Commission. Following the objectives of the PEF method, the main goal is to enhance comparability with other studies and promote transparency regarding the environmental performance of products. A CRC façade panel was chosen as the representative product based on insights from German market statistics and sectorial stakeholders. Furthermore, a PEF study was conducted for the defined product. Based on this study, the main environmental hotspots according to PEF are identified – most relevant impact categories, life cycle stages, processes and elementary flows. For instance, the most relevant impact categories were found to be Human Toxicity, cancer, Climate Change, and Resource Use, fossils. For each of these impact categories the most relevant processes and elementary flows were determined. Moreover, the most relevant life cycle was found to be the raw material extraction and pre-processing. An innovative aspect of this study is related to the calculation of the environmental impacts at the end of life. For the first time, the Circular Footprint Formula introduced in the PEF method is applied in the context of CRC. In this regard, a baseline and an alternative scenario are explored. In general, the outcomes of this study are a first step towards the application of the PEF methodology in the context of CRC and create a basis that fosters comparability and transparency in environmental assessments for CRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103078"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circularity within carbon capture networks: A review of capture and utilization technologies","authors":"Ikhlas Ghiat ,&nbsp;Aliya Banu ,&nbsp;Yusuf Bicer ,&nbsp;Abdulkarem I. Amhamed ,&nbsp;Tareq Al-Ansari","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carbon circular economy, through carbon capture and utilization or storage (CCUS), represents a transformative approach with the capacity to create closed loop systems where CO₂ emissions can be captured, stored or converted into value-added products, thereby reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and minimizing waste. This review comprehensively examines CCUS technologies within the context of circular economy to study their viability in a wider range. Diverse carbon sources, encompassing atmospheric, biomass and fossil-fuel derived carbon, are reviewed. Major carbon capture technologies are discussed through the dual lens of technology readiness level and economic viability. This work also extends to the review of various carbon storage options in geological formations and direct and indirect utilization routes. Moreover, carbon tax and policies favouring the implementation of CCUS into the circular economy are discussed. This study identifies diverse technological, economic, and regulatory limitations associated with CCUS and underscores the need for significant advancements to deploy these technologies at scale. To reach net-zero emissions by 2050, a portfolio approach with immediate implementation is necessary. Moreover, consolidated frameworks for assessment and monitoring, policy support, and international cooperation hold the potential to advance the adoption of this technology within a circular economy. This study provides important insights into the application of the circular economy concept into CCUS technologies to advance their large-scale deployment. Furthermore, it examines how CCUS technologies and circular economy practices can strengthen each other. As a result, this work highlights the circularisation of CCUS systems and the decarbonisation of circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103075"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-temperature slag engineering in pursuit of effective mineral carbonation of pyroxene-rich ferronickel slag","authors":"Arne Peys ,&nbsp;Natalia Pires Martins ,&nbsp;Fernando Prado Araujo ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Komnitsas ,&nbsp;Peter Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The search for resources for low-carbon construction materials and valorization pathways for industrial residues go hand in hand. Mineral carbonation has been abundantly studied to strive for a net-zero CO₂ construction sector. Ferronickel slags have been studied for the production of other cementitious materials, but have inferior carbonation potential due to their low Ca-content. This work shows that the reactivity of a pyroxene-rich ferronickel slag towards CO₂ can be substantially increased using high-temperature slag engineering. Using a combination of CaCO₃ additions and slow cooling, the produced compacts made from synthesized slags acquire a compressive strength of 30–40 MPa after carbonation at 10 bar CO₂ and 60 °C for 16 hours. The reactivity towards CO₂ originates from the formation of akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇) during slag modification with &gt; 20 wt% CaCO₃. The compressive strength is dependent on the particle size distribution of the modified slag and carbonation time. Although the reaction degree of akermanite is high after 6 hours of carbonation, a significant strength increase is still seen after carbonation for 16 and 48 hours. The carbonation process forms a binding phase composed of aragonite and a CaMg-carbonate which might be high Mg-calcite or protodolomite. The CO₂ balance of the overall process shows a substantially lower value compared to Portland clinker-based cements, but additional efforts are required to develop an optimum net-zero CO₂ process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103077"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the reactivity of Ni-La catalysts for CO2 methanation","authors":"Luca Consentino ,&nbsp;Miriam González-Castaño ,&nbsp;Nuría Garcia-Moncada ,&nbsp;Luis F. Bobadilla ,&nbsp;Michelangelo Gruttadauria ,&nbsp;Leonarda Francesca Liotta ,&nbsp;José Antonio Odriozola","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient catalysts are essential for CO₂ methanation reaction, a key process for sustainable energy applications. This study investigates the structural and chemical properties of Ni-La perovskite-based catalysts synthesized <em>via</em> one-pot and impregnation methods by microwave-assisted synthesis to improve Ni dispersion and phase homogeneity. Reduction temperature emerges as a key factor influencing catalyst structure and performance. Catalysts reduced at lower temperatures retain perovskite structures, leading to enhanced metal-support interactions, which are crucial for CO₂ activation and methane production. In contrast, higher reduction temperatures decompose the perovskite phase into metallic Ni and La₂O₃, which alters the catalytic behavior. The impregnation method enhances Ni dispersion, leading to higher metallic Ni availability and superior catalytic performance. Oxygen vacancies and carbonate species formed on the catalyst surface are identified as central to the reaction mechanism, facilitating CO₂ adsorption and conversion. This research underscores the importance of structure-to-function relationships, focusing on how synthesis methods and reduction conditions shape surface species generation and CO₂ methanation rates. These insights advance the design of highly efficient catalysts for CO₂ conversion, addressing environmental challenges and fostering sustainable energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103076"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning integration in thermodynamics: Predicting CO2 mixture saturation properties for sustainable refrigeration applications","authors":"Carlos G. Albà ,&nbsp;Ismail I.I. Alkhatib ,&nbsp;Lourdes F. Vega ,&nbsp;Fèlix Llovell","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for sustainable alternatives in refrigeration has grown as Europe enforces mandates on avoiding high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants. CO₂-based refrigerants have emerged as a promising choice in response, distinguished by its low GWP and reduced flammability, compared to formulated hydrofluoroolefins, thus offering a safer and sustainable solution in the context of next generation drop-in refrigerants. This study presents a machine-learning-based methodology to estimate the saturation properties of CO₂-based mixtures, allowing for the precise tuning of molecular-based models like the polar soft-SAFT, used for technical evaluation, without relying on experimental data, often unavailable for such systems. The approach departs from the thermodynamic characterization of several pure-components, including novel fluorine-based refrigerants. The parametrization allows an excellent description of the vapor pressure, saturated densities, and latent heat. Next, a constant, temperature-independent binary parameter is used to estimate the solubility profiles of CO₂-derived mixtures in selected refrigerants. The model effectively captures azeotropic and zeotropic behaviors, demonstrating its strength in fine-tuning solubility with minimal corrections. Subsequently, data from the molecular characterization via polar soft-SAFT is used as output targets to train a machine learning algorithm based on artificial neural networks, enabling the prediction of mixture saturation properties out of the training dataset's scope. Using COSMO σ-profiles, the developed ANN demonstrates high efficiency in predicting saturation bubble and dew temperatures, achieving R² &gt; 0.9999, RMSE&lt; 0.0959, AARD &lt; 0.0220 %, and NMAD of 0.00044. Statistical analysis confirms minimal mean deviations, with outliers limited to 2.63 % for bubble and 2.44% for dew phase predictions, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103072"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic and surface consequences of thermal treatments on Pt nanoparticles onto carbon nitrides during CO2-to-CO conversion","authors":"S. Vaquero-Vílchez ,&nbsp;P. Nimax ,&nbsp;E. Valtierra-Martinez ,&nbsp;I. Ayesta ,&nbsp;I. Agirrezabal-Telleria","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalysis is an emerging alternative to convert CO₂ into relevant products, but it faces technological challenges related to charge recombination and low efficiency. Thermally coupled gas phase photocatalysis can address these issues by lowering reaction temperatures and improving process efficiency. This work demonstrates that defect engineering, combined with Pt impregnation at various metal dispersion and sizes, can enhance photocatalytic properties in g-C₃N₄ materials. Structural changes in g-C₃N₄ and Pt oxidation state modification, significantly impact CO productivity from CO₂. This study investigates how thermal treatments in H₂ affect defect and thus vacancy formation in g-C₃N₄. Materials with 2 wt% Pt²⁺ species generate C–N₃ vacancies, while Pt⁰ species with the same content lead to both C–N₃ and N–C₃ vacancies– within g-C₃N₄. These differences exhibit distinct reaction trends under dark conditions or upon light irradiation. To further understand these effects, detailed XPS analyses clarify the impact of reaction conditions on the material after pretreatment and catalysis. The findings show that g-C₃N₄ materials can reform their C–Nbonds after electron excitation through light exposure, enhancing and stabilizing the reaction's productivity. As a result, CO productivities up to 1.1 mmol·g_cat⁻¹·h⁻¹ are achieved. This work is expected to contribute to understanding the effect of thermal treatment on carbon nitrides, particularly regarding defect engineering, and more broadly, the effects of temperature in photocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103068"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating operational drivers of CO2 transfer and utilization efficiency in photosynthetic algae cultivation systems","authors":"Mauro Lua ,&nbsp;Everett Eustance ,&nbsp;Arnav Deshpande ,&nbsp;John McGowen ,&nbsp;Lieve M.L. Laurens","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While photosynthetic algae-based systems have shown promise for reducing the carbon footprint associated with biofuel and biochemical production due higher yields than terrestrial crops, there are challenges associated with CO₂ delivery and utilization resulting from the chemical and physical environment experienced. Point-source CO₂ delivery is a critical component of intensive algal cultivation, but a significant fraction of the CO₂ sparged into the aqueous environment is lost. In this context, we review the theoretical considerations for deconvoluting carbon transfer efficiency (CTE) and carbon utilization efficiency (CUE), specifically in microalgal cultivation in response to changes in media formulation and alkalinity. We introduce an empirical and operational approach to increase the efficiency of CO₂ transfer and ultimately prime algal cultures for photosynthetic carbon assimilation. We define operational boundaries for improving CUE under a neutral pH regime, with conditions that maintain high algal biomass productivity. Our work supports both the implementation of strategies for increasing CUE as well as provides a framework for monitoring inorganic and organic carbon balances in controlled aqueous systems. The integration of water chemistry in media formulation with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity are primary drivers of the inorganic carbon flux from a concentrated CO₂ source towards an accessible carbon source for microalgae. We outline a systematic approach by leveraging control over carbon delivery, operational pH in the neutral pH regime, and alkalinity to match available DIC of the media with the demands of the algae to help optimize CTE and CUE. This control increases the feasibility of large-scale biotic CO₂ capture in aqueous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103069"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of particle breakage on the carbonation of argon oxygen decarburization slag - limitations and energy assessment","authors":"Nina Miladinović ,&nbsp;Luka Ceyssens ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Granata ,&nbsp;Tom Van Gerven","doi":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcou.2025.103073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disposing waste from the steel-making industry and the ongoing rise in global carbon dioxide emissions represent significant challenges to overcome. Carbonation of steel slags, the main waste material formed in steelmaking processes, is one of the possible solutions. In this research, three different kinds of mills are compared in order to most effectively approach the carbonation of argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) steel slag while simultaneously milled. Using breakage potential as a parameter for quantitative comparison, it is shown that the planetary ball mill is noticeably performing better than the vibratory mill and the McCrone mill – up to 39 % in terms of breakage of particles. The breakage potential correlates well with the carbonation rate at all three examined speeds (200 rpm, 500 rpm and 800 rpm) in the planetary ball mill. However, it is estimated that energy up to 120 kJ/g is used for the breakage of particles. Energy applied above this threshold contributes mainly to the agglomeration, but at different rates depending on the implemented speed. This difference is due to the varying contribution of two influencing parameters during simultaneous carbonation and milling - the presence of water and the number of collisions of the grinding balls with the AOD steel slag. The present work gives insights into the breakage of steel slag particles, their carbonation potential and limitations for achieving higher carbonation rates as well as predicted energy usage to obtain these processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":350,"journal":{"name":"Journal of CO2 Utilization","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103073"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}