Removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions using a nanomembrane ceramic filter doped with magnetic zeolite

Abstract

This study investigates the removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions using a nanomembrane ceramic filter doped with magnetic zeolite. The filter was designed using indigenous materials quartz, clay, and CaCO3 each selected for its unique functional properties. Characterization via Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed a well-distributed porous structure that enhances the filter's adsorption capacity. XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the ceramic filter and the successful incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles into the membrane matrix. VSM analysis showed that the magnetic properties of the zeolite were superparamagnetic, with a maximum saturation magnetization of 0.08 emu/g. Additionally, zeta potential measurements indicated a strong negative charge of −60.9 mV on the material. The filter’s copper removal efficiency was tested under various conditions (pH, initial concentration, and contact time), achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 99 % at pH 9 and an initial concentration of 60 mg/L. Optimization of operational parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design resulted in a satisfactory coefficient of determination (R² = 0.80), indicating a good fit between experimental data and predicted results. Overall, the comprehensive characterization and optimization results highlight the potential of nanomembranes filter as an effective and economical solution for copper removal water.