Restitutions of Roman wine presses: The model of Cato the Elder and the calculation of forces and the strength of materials

Abstract

Restitutions of ancient machines, such as those of grape or olive presses, are often only simple evocations based on the shape and spatial organization of the remains. However, the calculation of forces allows us to consider their power, and a study of the strength of materials offers a new look at the techniques of antiquity.

Through the model of the press of Cato the Elder, this article provides the archaeologist with affordable formulas allowing him to approach these problems of Mechanics. It is then possible to propose restitutions validated by calculation, but also to identify the wearing pieces of these machines. Thus, the engineering skills of the ancient designers and the technicality of the operators of these presses are highlighted.