Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage最新文献

英文中文

A holistic methodology for the assessment of Heritage Digital Twin applied to Portuguese case studies 应用于葡萄牙案例研究的遗产数字双胞胎整体评估方法

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00390

Gabriel Sugiyama, Inês Bourgeois, Hugo Rodrigues

Digital Twin (DT) is an emerging technology that may improve and facilitate various processes. Multiple definitions and concepts have been developed throughout various fields, which demand consolidation and reorganisation. Heritage buildings are complex assets, yet the need for their preservation is undeniable. The safeguarding of such resources may benefit from the advantages DT offer, nevertheless the relation between both subjects could use further exploring. This work consisted in the development of an evaluation methodology named Heritage Digital Twin (HDT), composed by four attributes determined by the relation between DT and built heritage, which also demanded a brief revision of the concepts and primary elements of the DT concept, as well as previous DT evaluation frameworks. Three Portuguese case studies were used to exemplify the application of the methodology at different scales (in size, relevance and DT complexity). The application examples proved the methodology is able to provide an easy and effortless HDT assessment, allowing a simple yet meaningful indication of the development of each attribute. Heritage-related actions are still limited following the virtual-to-physical communication, in contrast with operative actions, which causes HDT to rely on human intercession. The framework successfully considered built heritage limitations, providing an inclusive approach. Nonetheless, the constant advancements in technology might change the perspective for HDT in the future.

数字孪生（DT）是一种新兴技术，可改善和促进各种流程。各个领域已经形成了多种定义和概念，需要加以整合和重组。文物建筑是一种复杂的资产，但对其进行保护的必要性却是毋庸置疑的。保护这些资源可以从 DT 提供的优势中获益，但这两个主题之间的关系还需要进一步探讨。这项工作包括开发一种名为 "遗产数字孪生（HDT）"的评估方法，该方法由四个属性组成，这四个属性由 DT 与建筑遗产之间的关系决定，同时还要求对 DT 概念和主要元素以及以前的 DT 评估框架进行简要修订。三项葡萄牙案例研究用于示范该方法在不同规模（规模、相关性和 DT 复杂性）上的应用。应用实例证明，该方法能够提供简便易行的人类发展报告评估，对每个属性的发展情况进行简单而有意义的说明。与操作性行动不同的是，与遗产相关的行动在虚拟到物理的交流之后仍然受到限制，这导致人类发展技术依赖于人工干预。该框架成功地考虑了建筑遗产的局限性，提供了一种包容性的方法。然而，技术的不断进步可能会改变未来人类发展技术的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping rib-webbing connections in Late Gothic net vaults: A geometry-based typology 绘制晚期哥特式网状拱顶的肋网连接图：基于几何学的类型学

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00388

Eszter Jobbik, János Krähling

Nowadays, terrestrial laser scanning of historic buildings provides new geometric data that may supplement or even overwrite the information found in the traditional literature on the topic. This article presents a laser-scanning-based, geometric typology of the connection between the rib system and webbing of Late Gothic net vaults and discusses the underlying building techniques. The article provides not only geometric descriptions but also 12 vaults as case studies to illustrate the different groups and to highlight how the base theoretical outcomes may vary due to the unique building features. After showcasing the typology and the case studies, we discuss the further implications of these results and how they may prove useful for structural analysis or studying the interconnections and genealogy of these buildings.

如今，对历史建筑的地面激光扫描提供了新的几何数据，可以补充甚至覆盖传统文献中的相关信息。本文介绍了基于激光扫描的晚期哥特式网状拱顶肋骨系统和腹板之间连接的几何类型学，并讨论了基本的建筑技术。文章不仅提供了几何描述，还提供了 12 个拱顶作为案例研究，以说明不同的组别，并强调基础理论结果如何因独特的建筑特征而有所不同。在展示了类型学和案例研究之后，我们讨论了这些结果的进一步含义，以及它们如何被证明有助于结构分析或研究这些建筑的相互联系和谱系。

引用次数: 0

Architectural simulation from point clouds: Between precision and historical validity 根据点云进行建筑模拟：在精确性和历史有效性之间

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00387

Pedro Luengo

Computer simulation of the incidence of natural light in heritage buildings has entailed a very fruitful field of experimentation within Digital Art History in recent years, although little has been discussed about its validity. This article seeks to demonstrate that although the accuracy of the results decreases when simulating the incidence of natural light of a heritage interior on a point cloud compared to a CAD, the margin of error can be accepted in historical studies. To carry out this test, the church of the Dominican convent of San Jacinto in Seville (Spain) has been used as a model. This interior has been analyzed with RELux and DIALux starting from a CAD and photogrammetry without simplifying it or cleaning it. With these examples, it can be concluded that these tools become useful for the study of historical buildings, despite their limitations.

近年来，在数字艺术史领域，计算机模拟文物建筑中自然光的入射情况是一个非常富有成果的实验领域，但对其有效性的讨论却很少。本文试图证明，虽然与 CAD 相比，在点云上模拟文物建筑内部自然光入射情况的结果准确性会降低，但在历史研究中，误差范围是可以接受的。为了进行这项测试，我们以西班牙塞维利亚的圣哈辛托多明我会修道院教堂为模型。从 CAD 和摄影测量开始，使用 RELux 和 DIALux 对其内部进行了分析，但未对其进行简化或清理。通过这些例子，我们可以得出结论，这些工具尽管有其局限性，但对历史建筑的研究还是非常有用的。

引用次数: 0

Hybrid method for enhancement of low-resolution ancient Kannada Stone Inscription images 增强低分辨率古代卡纳达石刻图像的混合方法

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00385

Bhagyashri Agasar, Gururaj Mukarambi

In this paper, we proposed the hybrid-based method for the enhancement of low-resolution Kannada Stone Inscription images. To test the performance of the proposed method, a total of 110 low-resolution samples of Kannada stone inscription images were collected from internet sources for the experimental setup due to the non-availability of the standard datasets for the Kannada stone inscriptions. The collected data set samples from the internet were complex in nature to read the contents present on stone images. The experimental workflow of the proposed method is to separate the text and non-text regions from the stone inscription images using a proposed technique for setting the coordinates. Then, the preprocessing process starts to filter out the noises and other unwanted regions found in the image foreground region using the median filtering composition method. Finally, the hybrid approach is implemented using a Fuzzy adaptive thresholding technique for the elimination of the background region of the input image and smooth enhancement of Kannada stone inscription images due to enormous challenges related to perspective distortion, diverse lighting conditions, the minimal disparity between the foreground and background, a lack of standardized text size and shape, reduced perceptible colour contrast, and associated noises. Hence, we obtained an enhancement accuracy of 78.18% using a hybrid method. The obtained accuracy is more acceptable compared to existing methods found in the global literature and is also carried out during the experimental study. The novelty of the paper is working on low-resolution ancient Kannada stone inscription images and a hybrid approach to enhance the quality of the original input image.

本文提出了基于混合技术的低分辨率卡纳达石刻图像增强方法。由于无法获得卡纳达石刻的标准数据集，为了测试所提方法的性能，我们从互联网上收集了 110 个低分辨率的卡纳达石刻图像样本进行实验。从互联网上收集的数据集样本性质复杂，难以读取石刻图像上的内容。拟议方法的实验工作流程是利用拟议的坐标设置技术从石刻图像中分离出文本和非文本区域。然后，开始预处理过程，使用中值滤波组成方法过滤掉图像前景区域中的噪音和其他不需要的区域。最后，使用模糊自适应阈值技术实现混合方法，以消除输入图像的背景区域，并平滑增强卡纳达语石刻图像，因为透视失真、不同的光照条件、前景和背景之间的最小差异、缺乏标准化的文字大小和形状、可感知的色彩对比度降低以及相关的噪音等都是巨大的挑战。因此，我们使用混合方法获得了 78.18% 的增强准确率。与全球文献中的现有方法相比，所获得的准确率更容易接受，在实验研究中也是如此。本文的新颖之处在于采用低分辨率的古代卡纳达石刻图像和混合方法来提高原始输入图像的质量。

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引用次数: 0

Combination of LiDAR detection and green integral method for calculating irregular cross-section geometric properties of deteriorated components in timber historic buildings 结合激光雷达检测和绿色积分法计算木质历史建筑老化构件的不规则截面几何特性

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00384

Aiqun Li , Hongchao Liu , Ying Wu , Yang Deng

Timber components in historic buildings are susceptible to deterioration due to the complex external environment. The loss of material in these components and changes in their cross-section geometry significantly impact the stability and load-bearing capacity of historic buildings. A portable LiDAR device is utilized to acquire the cross-section geometry of the deteriorated components. The irregular cross-section profiles are extracted using point cloud slicing and the Alpha-Shape algorithm. Geometric characteristics such as cross-section area, moment of inertia, and moment of resistance are calculated using Green's integral method. The performance of this method is evaluated by measuring eight groups of deteriorated components with different cross-section characteristics and comparing it with five traditional methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the calculation accuracy by 1%–21% relative to traditional methods, thereby enhancing reliability by 9%–54%. Additionally, it reduces manual calculation workload and human error, while promoting calculation efficiency. The method exhibits excellent applicability and high efficiency, with an error below 3% when compared to the true value. This method proves valuable in evaluating the extent of deterioration in historic timber components and provides essential data for preventive conservation and restoration of historic timber buildings.

由于外部环境复杂，历史建筑中的木材构件很容易老化。这些构件材料的损耗及其横截面几何形状的变化会严重影响历史建筑的稳定性和承重能力。利用便携式激光雷达设备获取老化组件的横截面几何形状。利用点云切片和 Alpha-Shape 算法提取不规则的截面轮廓。使用格林积分法计算截面面积、惯性矩和阻力矩等几何特征。通过测量八组具有不同截面特征的劣化部件，并与五种传统方法进行比较，对该方法的性能进行了评估。结果表明，与传统方法相比，建议的方法将计算精度提高了 1%-21%，从而将可靠性提高了 9%-54%。此外，它还减少了人工计算工作量和人为错误，同时提高了计算效率。该方法具有出色的适用性和高效率，与真实值相比，误差低于 3%。事实证明，这种方法对评估历史木构件的老化程度很有价值，为历史木建筑的预防性保护和修复提供了重要数据。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the digital heritage of Ajanta Caves through VR technology 通过 VR 技术探索阿姜塔石窟的数字遗产

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00381

Amrapali Prakash Tribhuvan, Aziz Abdullah Binnaser

The Ajanta Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Maharashtra, India, are renowned for their exquisite ancient rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments. Dating back to the 2nd century BCE and spanning over a period of several centuries, these architectural marvels exhibit exceptional craftsmanship and artistic mastery. The caves consist of mesmerizing murals, sculptures, and architectural features that depict various scenes from the life of Buddha and other significant figures in Buddhism. These paintings portray an array of vibrant colors and delicate details that have withstood the test of time remarkably well. What makes Ajanta Caves truly remarkable is not only their aesthetic beauty but also the cultural significance they hold. It is crucial to preserve and promote the cultural heritage of these caves for future generations. For this study we have selected Ajanta Cave No. 1. This research aims to investigate how Virtual Reality (VR) technology enhance the digital experience of exploring the Ajanta Caves.

阿姜塔石窟位于印度马哈拉施特拉邦，是联合国教科文组织认定的世界文化遗产，以其精美绝伦的古代石刻佛教石窟而闻名于世。这些建筑奇迹的历史可追溯到公元前 2 世纪，跨越了几个世纪，展现了非凡的工艺和艺术造诣。石窟由令人着迷的壁画、雕塑和建筑特色组成，描绘了佛陀和佛教其他重要人物的各种生活场景。这些画作色彩鲜艳、细节精致，经受住了时间的考验。阿姜塔石窟的真正非凡之处不仅在于其美观，还在于其蕴含的文化意义。为子孙后代保护和弘扬这些石窟的文化遗产至关重要。本研究选择了阿旃陀第 1 号石窟。本研究旨在探讨虚拟现实（VR）技术如何增强探索阿姜塔石窟的数字体验。

引用次数: 0

Digital preservation of heritage urban facades: An integrated approach using historic building information modeling and shape grammar analysis 城市遗产外墙的数字化保护：利用历史建筑信息建模和形状语法分析的综合方法

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00383

Khalid Ahmed Hussein , Araz Rajab Abrahim , Ameer Sulaiman Mohammed , Karzan Abdulazeez Ali

Traditional heritage architecture is renowned for its unique characteristics, which are shaped by local climatic, social, and construction requirements, as well as specific architectural styles that contribute to a sense of identity and place. Preserving the aesthetic and cognitive values inherent in traditional styles poses a significant challenge compared to other tangible assets. However, the digitization of built heritage offers a proactive approach to conservation. In this regard, the management of heritage building information through Building Information Modeling (BIM) plays a crucial role in preventive conservation. The utilization of multi-dimensional digital information models, known as Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM), is one such approach. This study aims to explore the application of HBIM in representing built heritage, focusing specifically on the research gap pertaining to the need for an effective and integrated methodology for modeling information related to heritage urban facades. The objective is to generate parametric models within the framework of HBIM information management, thereby contributing to preventive preservation mechanisms. The methodology employed in this study consists of two main parts. Firstly, information is derived by analyzing the structural characteristics of heritage facades using Shape Grammar. Secondly, the acquired information is utilized to develop a comprehensive library of HBIM for heritage architectural elements. The results of this study demonstrate the proposed methodology's effectiveness in determining heritage urban facades' morphological, mathematical, relational, and Euclidean characteristics.

传统遗产建筑因其独特性而闻名，这些独特性是由当地的气候、社会和建筑要求以及特定的建筑风格形成的，它们有助于形成一种认同感和地方感。与其他有形资产相比，保护传统风格中固有的美学和认知价值是一项重大挑战。然而，建筑遗产的数字化提供了一种积极主动的保护方式。在这方面，通过建筑信息模型（BIM）管理遗产建筑信息在预防性保护中发挥着至关重要的作用。利用多维数字信息模型，即历史建筑信息模型（HBIM），就是这样一种方法。本研究旨在探索 HBIM 在表现建筑遗产方面的应用，特别关注与需要一种有效的综合方法来建立与遗产城市外墙相关的信息模型有关的研究缺口。目的是在 HBIM 信息管理框架内生成参数模型，从而为预防性保护机制做出贡献。本研究采用的方法包括两个主要部分。首先，利用 "形状语法 "分析遗产外墙的结构特征，从而获取信息。其次，利用获取的信息为遗产建筑元素开发一个全面的 HBIM 库。这项研究的结果证明了所提出的方法在确定城市遗产外墙的形态、数学、关系和欧几里得特征方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

From the point cloud to knowledge. Geometry, metrics and construction of the cloister of the Cathedral of Tarragona 从点云到知识。塔拉戈纳大教堂回廊的几何、度量和构造

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00382

Josep M. Puche , Felipe Buill Pozuelo , Agustí Costa-Jover , Josep M. Macias , M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés , David Moreno-García

The availability of dense point clouds for the assessment of ancient buildings has become reality in recent decades. This continuous and detailed information facilitates an analysis of cultural heritage as it had not been possible to carry out previously. Thus, it is possible to study their shape and metrics, giving a new interpretative analysis and set, for example, new hypothesis of their constructive evolution. In this sense, the research aims to apply formal analysis methods based on point clouds in the case of the cloister of the Cathedral of Tarragona, due to its unique characteristics and the existing documentary void on its construction history. It is a monumental enclosure characterised by an irregular plan and various apparent constructive inconsistencies that are due to different phases of execution. From its metric and formal analysis, various hypotheses of its constructive evolution are raised.

近几十年来，用于古建筑评估的高密度点云已成为现实。这种连续而详细的信息有助于对文化遗产进行分析，这在以前是不可能实现的。因此，有可能对其形状和度量进行研究，提供新的解释性分析，例如，对其构造演变提出新的假设。从这个意义上说，这项研究旨在将基于点云的形式分析方法应用于塔拉戈纳大教堂的回廊，因为它具有独特的特征，而且现有的文献资料对其建造历史并不了解。这是一座纪念性围墙，其特点是不规则的平面和各种明显的构造不一致，这些都是不同的施工阶段造成的。通过对它的度量和形式分析，我们提出了有关其构造演变的各种假设。

引用次数: 0

Integrating thermal and optical models with legacy excavation data for spatial inventories 将热模型和光学模型与遗留的挖掘数据相结合，以编制空间清单

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00378

Gonca Dardeniz , Orkan Özcan , Deniz Yazıcı

Researching at previously excavated archaeological sites comes with its own challenge set, which includes ground-truthing previously unearthed architectural features to correlate old and new trenches. This study presents a comprehensive examination technique to approach architectural features at mound-type archaeological settlements through the synergistic utilization of thermal and optical imagery obtained via remote sensing technologies. Employing an interdisciplinary approach involving various types of imagery (optical, thermal, and radar) embedded in archaeological data, this research aims to reevaluate legacy spatial data and enhance the understanding of subsurface archaeological features by exploiting the complementary advantages of both thermal and optical sensors.

This study involves the acquisition, processing, and integration of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based thermal and optical datasets to derive a complete representation of archaeological landscapes. Ground-truthing and validation exercises are incorporated to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results. The results contribute to advancing the field of archaeological remote sensing and highlight the significance of integrating diverse sensing modalities for a comprehensive and nuanced interpretation of archaeological landscapes. The techniques exemplified with two mound-type case sites help to generate high-resolution mappings which provide tools to increase the accuracy of on-site legacy data and help digital protection of the sites by generating digital twins. This presents a less costly method than conventional photogrammetric techniques, making it feasible and advantageous for field archaeologists or researchers dealing with legacy spatial data.

对以前发掘过的考古遗址进行研究有其自身的挑战，其中包括对以前出土的建筑特征进行地面实况调查，以关联新旧壕沟。本研究提出了一种综合检查技术，通过协同利用遥感技术获得的热图像和光学图像，接近土丘型考古遗址的建筑特征。这项研究采用了一种跨学科的方法，将各种类型的图像（光学、热成像和雷达）嵌入考古数据中，旨在重新评估遗留的空间数据，并通过利用热传感器和光学传感器的互补优势，加强对地表下考古特征的了解。为确保结果的准确性和可靠性，还进行了地面实况调查和验证工作。这些成果有助于推动考古遥感领域的发展，并强调了整合多种传感模式以全面、细致地解读考古地貌的重要意义。以两个土丘型遗址为例，这些技术有助于生成高分辨率地图，为提高现场遗留数据的准确性提供了工具，并通过生成数字双胞胎帮助对遗址进行数字化保护。与传统的摄影测量技术相比，这种方法成本较低，对于处理遗留空间数据的田野考古学家或研究人员来说既可行又有利。

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引用次数: 0

Digital reconstruction of flattened skulls: The case of Hippopotamus creutzburgi 扁平头骨的数字重建：河马的案例

Q1 Social Sciences

Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage

Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.daach.2024.e00379

Nikolaos Gerakakis , Dimitrios Makris

引用次数: 0

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