Innovations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of non-profit and public institutions

Abstract

The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 has devastated health, the economy, and overall well-being. However, scientific research and technological advancements have played a crucial role in reducing vulnerability to the disease, mainly through the development and distribution of vaccines. This paper explores potential innovations arising from the pandemic, focusing on patent analysis related to COVID-19, particularly from non-profit and public institutions. This research has identified over seven thousand patents granted for medical preparations, vaccine development compounds, and diagnostic, preventative, and treatment instruments, with the United States, China, and India leading in their production. Non-profit and public institutions in Brazil, France, China, and South Korea have also contributed to developing potential innovations. The study highlights the need for a comprehensive global and regional analysis of patents related to COVID-19, regardless of their type, sector of origin, or application. This research can guide academia and public policy in fostering innovation for present and future health challenges by exploring the role and potential of public and non-profit institutions in generating social innovations.