Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on magnetic MCM-41 surface modified with aminomethylpyridine: As a recyclable palladium nanocatalyst for carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions

Abstract

A new catalyst was synthesized by first immobilizing 2-amino-6-methylpyridine on a magnetic mesoporous surface (MMCM-41), followed by adding palladium nanoparticles on the modified surface. The synthesized catalyst was subjected to various characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Characterization studies showed spherical nanoparticles in the synthesized nanocomposite (MMCM-41@APy-Pd). These particles exhibited a high BET surface area (127.62 m² g⁻¹), an average pore size of 1.48 nm, and a significant pore volume (0.143 cm³ g⁻¹). These properties made MMCM-41@APy-Pd an effective magnetic nanocatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions. An extensive range of aryl halides, which have both electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups, were investigated and showed high to satisfactory efficiency in the Suzuki and Heck cross-coupling reactions. The magnetic nanocatalyst demonstrated the ability to be employed for up to five consecutive applications with minimal decrease in its catalytic efficiency and could be effortlessly recovered from the reaction mixture.