Inflammatory and Bleeding Risks on Clinical Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Abstract

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of systemic inflammation burden using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and long-term prognosis in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) stratified by bleeding risk status. Methods Consecutive patients admitted for ACS and who received PCI between March 2016 and March 2022 were enrolled in the analysis. Elevated systemic inflammation was defined as hsCRP>2 mg/L, and high bleeding risk (HBR) was defined the Academic Research Consortium (ARC)-HBR criteria. The primary outcome was ischemic events at 12 months, composed of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and/or stroke. The main secondary outcomes included all-cause death, and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) types 2, 3, and 5 bleeding and types 3, and 5 bleeding. Results Of 15,013 patients, 4606 (30.7%) were qualified as HBR and 8395 (55.9%) had hsCRP>2 mg/L. Elevated hsCRP were consistently associated with higher risk of ischemic events in both HBR (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.91-1.58) and non-HBR (aHR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) subgroups (P interaction=0.755). Although the bleeding events incidence was higher in HBR patients, an elevated hsCRP level was not associated with bleeding events regardless of HBR status. Restricted cubic spline regression represented an inverse J-shaped relation between hsCRP and non-HBR for ischemic events (P nonlinearity <0.001) and all-cause death (P nonlinearity = 0.003). Conclusion Regardless of HBR status, high levels of hsCRP were associated with an increased risk of ischemic events and all-cause death in ACS patients following PCI, but not for bleeding.