Unveiling the importance of controllable growth of c-axis oriented Sn-doped ZnO nanorod arrays: Towards humidity sensing applications

IF 5.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS Ceramics International Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.424

A.S. Ismail , M.H. Mamat , R. Mohamed , Z. Embong , S. Kossar

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Abstract

In this study, tin (Sn)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (SZO) were prepared using a sonication assisted sol-gel immersion method, with the growth of the nanorod arrays controlled by varying the immersion time in the precursor material. Morphology images taken using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) demonstrated an enlargement of the average diameter of the nanorod arrays from 55 nm at 5 min immersion to 122 nm at 200 min immersion. The cross-sectional and surface elemental analysis showed that the sample immersed for 60 min has the highest detection of Sn, with a bulk concentration of 1.8 at.% and surface concentration of 1 at.%. Interestingly, we noticed that Sn is not exist on the surface of 200 min immersion, indicating the depletion of the Sn precursor due to the prolongation of the immersion time. From the current voltage (I-V) analysis, 60 min immersion sample generated the lowest thin film resistivity, which engendered the best humidity sensitivity of 4.05. This study demonstrated the significant importance of optimizing the immersion or growth time for doped 1-D nanostructures to obtain the best humidity sensing performance.

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来源期刊

Ceramics International 工程技术-材料科学：硅酸盐

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

15.40%

发文量

4558

审稿时长

25 days

期刊介绍： Ceramics International covers the science of advanced ceramic materials. The journal encourages contributions that demonstrate how an understanding of the basic chemical and physical phenomena may direct materials design and stimulate ideas for new or improved processing techniques, in order to obtain materials with desired structural features and properties. Ceramics International covers oxide and non-oxide ceramics, functional glasses, glass ceramics, amorphous inorganic non-metallic materials (and their combinations with metal and organic materials), in the form of particulates, dense or porous bodies, thin/thick films and laminated, graded and composite structures. Process related topics such as ceramic-ceramic joints or joining ceramics with dissimilar materials, as well as surface finishing and conditioning are also covered. Besides traditional processing techniques, manufacturing routes of interest include innovative procedures benefiting from externally applied stresses, electromagnetic fields and energetic beams, as well as top-down and self-assembly nanotechnology approaches. In addition, the journal welcomes submissions on bio-inspired and bio-enabled materials designs, experimentally validated multi scale modelling and simulation for materials design, and the use of the most advanced chemical and physical characterization techniques of structure, properties and behaviour. Technologically relevant low-dimensional systems are a particular focus of Ceramics International. These include 0, 1 and 2-D nanomaterials (also covering CNTs, graphene and related materials, and diamond-like carbons), their nanocomposites, as well as nano-hybrids and hierarchical multifunctional nanostructures that might integrate molecular, biological and electronic components.