Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.427
Ju Cheng , Lei Zhang , Weigui Fu , Zihan An , Meixiu Sun , Yiping Zhao , Li Chen
Gelatin, a natural protein, is extensively used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. However, purifying gelatin to meet the specific requirements of various industries remains a considerable challenge. Ceramic membrane separation technology, renowned for its high permeability, excellent anti-fouling properties, and long lifespan, has been widely applied in the food, biotechnology, and water purification industries. In this study, a sol-gel method was employed to fabricate a gradient multilayer TiO2-modified coating on the surface of an α-Al2O3 porous ceramic membrane. The viscosity of the TiO2 sols was adjusted by varying the concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2000) and aging times. The results indicated that coating the C-P5^5 composite membrane with a sol containing 5 wt% PEG, aged for different durations (2, 5, 10, 15, and 18 d), effectively reduced the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the permeate from the feed solution of 52.4 kDa–11.9 kDa. However, the C-P10^5 composite membrane, with a 10 wt% PEG content and aged for the same durations, yielded a permeate gelatin Mw of 13.6 kDa. The composite membrane with excellent anti-fouling and photocatalytic self-cleaning properties holds promise for innovative applications in gelatin purification and bio-separation processes.
{"title":"Construction of self-cleaning gradient multilayer TiO2 coating on Al2O3 hollow fiber membrane for enhanced gelatin purification","authors":"Ju Cheng , Lei Zhang , Weigui Fu , Zihan An , Meixiu Sun , Yiping Zhao , Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gelatin, a natural protein, is extensively used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. However, purifying gelatin to meet the specific requirements of various industries remains a considerable challenge. Ceramic membrane separation technology, renowned for its high permeability, excellent anti-fouling properties, and long lifespan, has been widely applied in the food, biotechnology, and water purification industries. In this study, a sol-gel method was employed to fabricate a gradient multilayer TiO<sub>2</sub>-modified coating on the surface of an α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> porous ceramic membrane. The viscosity of the TiO<sub>2</sub> sols was adjusted by varying the concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2000) and aging times. The results indicated that coating the C-P5^5 composite membrane with a sol containing 5 wt% PEG, aged for different durations (2, 5, 10, 15, and 18 d), effectively reduced the weight-average molecular weight (<em>M</em><sub>w</sub>) of the permeate from the feed solution of 52.4 kDa–11.9 kDa. However, the C-P10^5 composite membrane, with a 10 wt% PEG content and aged for the same durations, yielded a permeate gelatin <em>M</em><sub>w</sub> of 13.6 kDa. The composite membrane with excellent anti-fouling and photocatalytic self-cleaning properties holds promise for innovative applications in gelatin purification and bio-separation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 4521-4531"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.482
Huan Yang , Cheng Fang , Hongliang Xu , Xia Zhang , Yang Liu , Jiayin Zhao , Anzhe Wang , Hongxia Lu , Hailong Wang
Controlled shrinkage of hydrothermal carbon coating (HTCC) during its carbonization preparation process offers a novel strategy for optimizing the interfacial properties of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix materials. In this study, the effect of volumetric shrinkage in monolayer or bilayer HTCC on the interface characteristics and mechanical properties of Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites is investigated. The bilayer HTCC significantly enhances the crack deflection effect within the interphase compared to the monolayer HTCC. By precisely controlling the shrinkage of the layers of the bilayer HTCC, an innovative C/SiC/C trilayer interphase was synthesized in situ during the polymer infiltration process for preparing the Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites, which synergistically enhances stress dispersion and load transfer efficiency within the interface. The work of fracture for Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites modified by the trilayer interphase has been significantly elevated to 2258 J/m2, which far exceeds the 129 J/m2 measured for the composites lacking a HTCC interphase.
{"title":"Shrinkage-controlled hydrothermal carbon: An advanced interphase for achieving synergistic stress dispersion and load transfer in Cf/ZrB2-SiC composites","authors":"Huan Yang , Cheng Fang , Hongliang Xu , Xia Zhang , Yang Liu , Jiayin Zhao , Anzhe Wang , Hongxia Lu , Hailong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlled shrinkage of hydrothermal carbon coating (HTCC) during its carbonization preparation process offers a novel strategy for optimizing the interfacial properties of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix materials. In this study, the effect of volumetric shrinkage in monolayer or bilayer HTCC on the interface characteristics and mechanical properties of C<sub>f</sub>/ZrB<sub>2</sub>-SiC composites is investigated. The bilayer HTCC significantly enhances the crack deflection effect within the interphase compared to the monolayer HTCC. By precisely controlling the shrinkage of the layers of the bilayer HTCC, an innovative C/SiC/C trilayer interphase was synthesized in situ during the polymer infiltration process for preparing the C<sub>f</sub>/ZrB<sub>2</sub>-SiC composites, which synergistically enhances stress dispersion and load transfer efficiency within the interface. The work of fracture for C<sub>f</sub>/ZrB<sub>2</sub>-SiC composites modified by the trilayer interphase has been significantly elevated to 2258 J/m<sup>2</sup>, which far exceeds the 129 J/m<sup>2</sup> measured for the composites lacking a HTCC interphase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 5085-5094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.415
N. Ch Ramgopal , Nipa Roy , Adel El-marghany , Salh Alhammadi , Gedi Sreedevi , Sai Kumar Arla , Dhananjaya Merum , Sang Woo Joo
The rational design of semiconductor heterojunctions is pivotal in enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance. In this study, we synthesized Bi2O2CO3 (BOC) nanosheets, Ni(OH)2 (NH) nanosheets, and their composite Bi2O2CO3@Ni(OH)2 (BOC-NH) separately using a hydrothermal process. The BOC-NH composite displays a distinct 3D flower-like structure with cross-linked petals of 21.82 nm, substantially enhancing the surface area and facilitating effective heterojunction formation between BOC and NH. This synergistic effect enhances charge separation and transport, leading to superior PEC water oxidation performance. The BOC-NH photoanode achieved a remarkable photocurrent density of 5.87 mA/cm2, 4.48 times higher than pure BOC and 1.75 times that of NH, along with a reduced onset potential of 0.464 V. Transient photocurrent measurements demonstrated excellent stability, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significantly lower solution resistance (11.06 Ω), and charge transfer resistance (5.27 Ω) compared to the individual BOC and NH photoanodes. The applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of BOC, NH, and BOC-NH was 0.21 %, 0.36 %, and 0.58 %, respectively, with the composite showing the highest efficiency under light illumination. Long-term stability tests over 7200 s showed sustained photoactivity, with the photocurrent density rising from 0.26 to 0.53 mA/cm2, highlighting the durability of the composite. This work presents a robust strategy for improving PEC water splitting through heterojunction engineering and morphological optimization.
{"title":"Enhancing photo electrocatalytic water splitting efficiency using Bi2O2CO3@Ni(OH)2 composite with flower-like morphology","authors":"N. Ch Ramgopal , Nipa Roy , Adel El-marghany , Salh Alhammadi , Gedi Sreedevi , Sai Kumar Arla , Dhananjaya Merum , Sang Woo Joo","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rational design of semiconductor heterojunctions is pivotal in enhancing photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance. In this study, we synthesized Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (BOC) nanosheets, Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> (NH) nanosheets, and their composite Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>@Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> (BOC-NH) separately using a hydrothermal process. The BOC-NH composite displays a distinct 3D flower-like structure with cross-linked petals of 21.82 nm, substantially enhancing the surface area and facilitating effective heterojunction formation between BOC and NH. This synergistic effect enhances charge separation and transport, leading to superior PEC water oxidation performance. The BOC-NH photoanode achieved a remarkable photocurrent density of 5.87 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 4.48 times higher than pure BOC and 1.75 times that of NH, along with a reduced onset potential of 0.464 V. Transient photocurrent measurements demonstrated excellent stability, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significantly lower solution resistance (11.06 Ω), and charge transfer resistance (5.27 Ω) compared to the individual BOC and NH photoanodes. The applied bias photon-to-current efficiency (ABPE) of BOC, NH, and BOC-NH was 0.21 %, 0.36 %, and 0.58 %, respectively, with the composite showing the highest efficiency under light illumination. Long-term stability tests over 7200 s showed sustained photoactivity, with the photocurrent density rising from 0.26 to 0.53 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, highlighting the durability of the composite. This work presents a robust strategy for improving PEC water splitting through heterojunction engineering and morphological optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 4388-4399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The compressive creep properties of (Hf0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2Zr0.2)C high entropy ceramic (HEC), prepared by spark plasma sintering of the self-propagating high temperature synthesized powders, are investigated at 1400–1600 °C with stresses of 150∼300 MPa. The as-received HEC was annealed at 2000 °C and 2100 °C for 1 h (HT2000 and HT2100) to eliminated the impurities. The phase composition, microstructure, and dislocation structures are characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, scan electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. It is found that the steady creep rates of the HT2000 and HT2100 are similar at the same creep conditions, both being 10−8∼10−9 s−1. The creep resistance of both HECs is superior to those of the monolithic carbides. The creep damage includes the grains growth, formation of pores and cracks at the grain boundaries. The creep mechanisms of both HECs include atomic diffusion, grain boundary sliding and dislocation slip. At 1600 °C, Burgers vector of dislocation is a/2 , and the main slip system is a/2 . The excellent creep resistance of the HECs is contributed by the slow atomic diffusion and restricted dislocation motion.
{"title":"High creep resistance of (Hf0.2Ta0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2Zr0.2)C high entropy ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering of the self-propagating high temperature synthesized powders","authors":"Huifen Guo , Weiheng Zou , Dmitry Moskovskikh , Sergey Yudin , Zanlin Cheng , Sergey Volodko , Chengyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compressive creep properties of (Hf<sub>0.2</sub>Ta<sub>0.2</sub>Ti<sub>0.2</sub>Nb<sub>0.2</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>)C high entropy ceramic (HEC), prepared by spark plasma sintering of the self-propagating high temperature synthesized powders, are investigated at 1400–1600 °C with stresses of 150∼300 MPa. The as-received HEC was annealed at 2000 °C and 2100 °C for 1 h (HT2000 and HT2100) to eliminated the impurities. The phase composition, microstructure, and dislocation structures are characterized by an X-ray diffractometer, scan electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. It is found that the steady creep rates of the HT2000 and HT2100 are similar at the same creep conditions, both being 10<sup>−8</sup>∼10<sup>−9</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The creep resistance of both HECs is superior to those of the monolithic carbides. The creep damage includes the grains growth, formation of pores and cracks at the grain boundaries. The creep mechanisms of both HECs include atomic diffusion, grain boundary sliding and dislocation slip. At 1600 °C, Burgers vector of dislocation is a/2 <span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>0</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>1</mn><mo>></mo></mrow></math></span>, and the main slip system is a/2 <span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>0</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>1</mn><mo>></mo><mrow><mo>{</mo><mn>111</mn><mo>}</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. The excellent creep resistance of the HECs is contributed by the slow atomic diffusion and restricted dislocation motion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 5148-5158"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.459
Shih-Chieh Hsu , Chao-Kuang Wen , Sheng-Chi Chen , You-Sheng Lu , Li-Hsien Yeh , Hui Sun
In this study, we employed High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) to fabricate TiOx thin films on the Si (100) as well as Corning eagle XG glass substrates and investigated their optical, electrical, and crystalline properties for application in optoelectronic devices. We examined the effects of varying the oxygen flow ratios (fO2) on the chemical composition, crystalline structure, optoelectronic properties, and microstructure of the TiOx films. The results showed that as fO2 increased, the dominant bonding states within the films shifted from Ti0, Ti2+, and Ti3+ (at fO2 = 0 %) to mainly Ti2+, Ti3+, and Ti4+ (at fO2 ≥ 0.5 %); the conductivity type of the films also changed from n-type to p-type due to the transformation of the dominant oxidation state to Ti3+. Additionally, the film's transmittance significantly increased. The best p-type TiOx film with optimal properties was obtained with fO2 = 0.5 %.
Furthermore, we investigated the effects of deposition pressure on the film's properties. It was observed that as the deposition pressure increased, the resistivity of the film gradually increased, while the transmittance showed a significant enhancement. These changes were attributed to alterations in the crystal structure and the transformation of Ti positions into Ti3+ and Ti4+. Finally, to evaluate the suitability of these titanium oxide films for light-sensing applications, we measured the variations in I-t and I-V curves for samples with different fO2 and deposition pressure. We further analyzed the response time of the current rise and decay when the films were exposed to UV light and their sensitivity towards the UV light source. p-type TiOx films with excellent light-sensing properties can be used in monitoring systems for energy conservation and carbon reduction.
{"title":"Preparation and Investigation of optoelectronic properties of polarity-controllable titanium oxide thin films using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering","authors":"Shih-Chieh Hsu , Chao-Kuang Wen , Sheng-Chi Chen , You-Sheng Lu , Li-Hsien Yeh , Hui Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we employed High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) to fabricate TiO<sub>x</sub> thin films on the Si (100) as well as Corning eagle XG glass substrates and investigated their optical, electrical, and crystalline properties for application in optoelectronic devices. We examined the effects of varying the oxygen flow ratios (f<sub>O2</sub>) on the chemical composition, crystalline structure, optoelectronic properties, and microstructure of the TiO<sub>x</sub> films. The results showed that as f<sub>O2</sub> increased, the dominant bonding states within the films shifted from Ti<sup>0</sup>, Ti<sup>2+</sup>, and Ti<sup>3+</sup> (at f<sub>O2</sub> = 0 %) to mainly Ti<sup>2+</sup>, Ti<sup>3+</sup>, and Ti<sup>4+</sup> (at f<sub>O2</sub> ≥ 0.5 %); the conductivity type of the films also changed from n-type to p-type due to the transformation of the dominant oxidation state to Ti<sup>3+</sup>. Additionally, the film's transmittance significantly increased. The best p-type TiO<sub>x</sub> film with optimal properties was obtained with f<sub>O2</sub> = 0.5 %.</div><div>Furthermore, we investigated the effects of deposition pressure on the film's properties. It was observed that as the deposition pressure increased, the resistivity of the film gradually increased, while the transmittance showed a significant enhancement. These changes were attributed to alterations in the crystal structure and the transformation of Ti positions into Ti<sup>3+</sup> and Ti<sup>4+</sup>. Finally, to evaluate the suitability of these titanium oxide films for light-sensing applications, we measured the variations in I-t and I-V curves for samples with different f<sub>O2</sub> and deposition pressure. We further analyzed the response time of the current rise and decay when the films were exposed to UV light and their sensitivity towards the UV light source. p-type TiO<sub>x</sub> films with excellent light-sensing properties can be used in monitoring systems for energy conservation and carbon reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 4861-4869"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.460
Qian Kou , Chuntao Ge , Junjie Xu , Wenjuan Qi , Weiliang Jin , Ping Wang , Jun Zhang , Hongmin Zhu , Saijun Xiao
TiB2-coated cemented carbide cutting tools perform excellently in machining difficult-to-process metals such as titanium and aluminum alloys. We fabricated TiB2 coatings on cemented carbides using molten salt electrophoretic deposition, consisting of in-situ synthesis of TiB2 nanoparticles by borothermal reduction of TiO2 in NaF-AlF3 molten salts and subsequent electrophoretic deposition of the as-synthesized TiB2 nanoparticles to form TiB2 coatings in the same molten bath. This technique prepares a fully dense TiB2 coating with a thickness of approximately 60 μm on a WC-8wt% Co substrate, exhibiting high hardness (36.7 GPa) and adhesion strength (48 N). Moreover, tribological property testing indicates that it possesses a lower coefficient of friction (0.55) and wear rate (8.69 × 10−7 mm3/(N∙m)) compared with those of WC-8wt% Co substrate(coefficient of friction, 0.58; wear rate, 9.14 × 10−7 mm3/(N∙m)).
{"title":"Electrophoretic deposition of TiB2 coatings on cemented carbide in molten fluorides","authors":"Qian Kou , Chuntao Ge , Junjie Xu , Wenjuan Qi , Weiliang Jin , Ping Wang , Jun Zhang , Hongmin Zhu , Saijun Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiB<sub>2</sub>-coated cemented carbide cutting tools perform excellently in machining difficult-to-process metals such as titanium and aluminum alloys. We fabricated TiB<sub>2</sub> coatings on cemented carbides using molten salt electrophoretic deposition, consisting of in-situ synthesis of TiB<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles by borothermal reduction of TiO<sub>2</sub> in NaF-AlF<sub>3</sub> molten salts and subsequent electrophoretic deposition of the as-synthesized TiB<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles to form TiB<sub>2</sub> coatings in the same molten bath. This technique prepares a fully dense TiB<sub>2</sub> coating with a thickness of approximately 60 μm on a WC-8wt% Co substrate, exhibiting high hardness (36.7 GPa) and adhesion strength (48 N). Moreover, tribological property testing indicates that it possesses a lower coefficient of friction (0.55) and wear rate (8.69 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N∙m)) compared with those of WC-8wt% Co substrate(coefficient of friction, 0.58; wear rate, 9.14 × 10<sup>−7</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/(N∙m)).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 4870-4877"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.461
M.S. Sadeq , A.S. Sharafelden , Fifi M. Reda , Mona H. Ibrahim
Iron oxide-doped borate glass with composition [(63-x)B2O3 – 10Na2O – 25SrO – 2Fe2O3 – (x)ZnO; x = 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mol%] was prepared following melt-quench technique. The absence of sharp peaks in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed the amorphous nature. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to study the structure and subnetwork units inside the glass matrix. Moreover, the density and molar volume values were assessed for supplementary studies about the glass structure. Also, the present glass system's optical properties and electron spin resonance were considered. FTIR spectra showed that the basic structural units are trigonal BO3 units, BO4 tetrahedral coordinated units and nonbridging oxygens. Here, a tendency towards the back conversion of BO4 units to BO3 and nonbridging oxygen was also indicated for the further ZnO contents concurring with the optical band gaps and Urbach energy trends. Moreover, FTIR outcomes supported the presence of ZnO as a glass modifier in the form of octahedral coordinated units (ZnO6). Furthermore, the optical band gaps (Eg) exhibit a decreasing trend with excessive ZnO contents which is attributed to the increase in optical basicity from 0.681 to 0.729 and the increase in electronic polarizability from 1.690 to 1.776 as well as the creation of nonbridging oxygen. In addition, the metallization criterion values decreased from 0.376 to 0.355 with more ZnO concentrations. Such behavior indicates it is favored towards metallic behavior. Furthermore, the decreased values of g and increased electronic polarizability increase the nonlinear properties of the present glasses. The electron spin resonance spectra show resonance signals at g = 4.12 and 2.04. The resonance signal at 4.12 associated with Fe3+ ions mainly located in rhombically distorted tetrahedral or octahedral coordination. The g = 2.04 resonance signal is ascribed to dipolar interactions. The obtained results suggest that the proposed glasses can be used in nonlinear optical applications.
{"title":"Effect of ZnO on the structure, optical properties and ESR studies of B2O3–Na2O–SrO–Fe2O3–ZnO glass system","authors":"M.S. Sadeq , A.S. Sharafelden , Fifi M. Reda , Mona H. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron oxide-doped borate glass with composition [(63-x)B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> – 10Na<sub>2</sub>O – 25SrO – 2Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> – (x)ZnO; x = 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mol%] was prepared following melt-quench technique. The absence of sharp peaks in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirmed the amorphous nature. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to study the structure and subnetwork units inside the glass matrix. Moreover, the density and molar volume values were assessed for supplementary studies about the glass structure. Also, the present glass system's optical properties and electron spin resonance were considered. FTIR spectra showed that the basic structural units are trigonal BO<sub>3</sub> units, BO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedral coordinated units and nonbridging oxygens. Here, a tendency towards the back conversion of BO<sub>4</sub> units to BO<sub>3</sub> and nonbridging oxygen was also indicated for the further ZnO contents concurring with the optical band gaps and Urbach energy trends. Moreover, FTIR outcomes supported the presence of ZnO as a glass modifier in the form of octahedral coordinated units (ZnO<sub>6</sub>). Furthermore, the optical band gaps (E<sub>g</sub>) exhibit a decreasing trend with excessive ZnO contents which is attributed to the increase in optical basicity from 0.681 to 0.729 and the increase in electronic polarizability from 1.690 to 1.776 as well as the creation of nonbridging oxygen. In addition, the metallization criterion values decreased from 0.376 to 0.355 with more ZnO concentrations. Such behavior indicates it is favored towards metallic behavior. Furthermore, the decreased values of <span><math><mi>E</mi></math></span><sub>g</sub> and increased electronic polarizability increase the nonlinear properties of the present glasses. The electron spin resonance spectra show resonance signals at g = 4.12 and 2.04. The resonance signal at 4.12 associated with Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions mainly located in rhombically distorted tetrahedral or octahedral coordination. The g = 2.04 resonance signal is ascribed to dipolar interactions. The obtained results suggest that the proposed glasses can be used in nonlinear optical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 4878-4890"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.472
Anton Reger, Alexander Akulinkin
Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are widely used to enhance heat transfer between heat-generating components of electronic devices and cooling radiators. The rapid miniaturization of electronic devices and the increase in their specific capacity have led to excessive heat loads, necessitating the development of TIMs based on dielectric powder fillers with high thermal conductivity. This paper presents an energy-efficient approach for synthesizing hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powder, used as a filler for thermal interface pads with a polydimethylsiloxane polymer matrix. The h-BN filler was produced through a two-step process: (1) self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Fe-BN powder through the self-sustaining exothermic reaction of an affordable ferroboron powder with gaseous nitrogen, followed by (2) acid leaching of the synthesized powders to remove iron. The BN phase content in the resulting powder filler is 99.6 wt%. The pads demonstrated a thermal conductivity of up to 1.95 W m⁻1K⁻1 with a 40 wt% filler content and an average particle size of 40 μm, all while retaining adequate flexibility and elasticity.
{"title":"Thermal interface materials of PDMS with h-BN fillers synthesized from ferroboron via SHS","authors":"Anton Reger, Alexander Akulinkin","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are widely used to enhance heat transfer between heat-generating components of electronic devices and cooling radiators. The rapid miniaturization of electronic devices and the increase in their specific capacity have led to excessive heat loads, necessitating the development of TIMs based on dielectric powder fillers with high thermal conductivity. This paper presents an energy-efficient approach for synthesizing hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powder, used as a filler for thermal interface pads with a polydimethylsiloxane polymer matrix. The h-BN filler was produced through a two-step process: (1) self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of Fe-BN powder through the self-sustaining exothermic reaction of an affordable ferroboron powder with gaseous nitrogen, followed by (2) acid leaching of the synthesized powders to remove iron. The BN phase content in the resulting powder filler is 99.6 wt%. The pads demonstrated a thermal conductivity of up to 1.95 W m⁻<sup>1</sup>K⁻<sup>1</sup> with a 40 wt% filler content and an average particle size of 40 μm, all while retaining adequate flexibility and elasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 5011-5019"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.439
Qianqian Zhang , Lixiong Yang , Wenke Li , Xiangbing Li , Xiaobin Liu , Shuang Sun , Wenyao Hu , Danni Liu , Yijia Wang , Shuyi Ma
Ethylene glycol (EG) is a toxic organic compound, which is harmful to human body. Hence, the advancement of gas-sensitive materials for the efficient detection of ethylene glycol (EG) holds significant practical value. This study successfully synthesized Bi2MoO6(BMO), In2O3, and BMO/In2O3 composite samples through the hydrothermal method. Among them, BMO/In2O3 composite has a spherical structure with a rough surface, has good gas sensitivity to EG, can achieve a higher response to 100 ppm EG (S = 38), and has a lower optimal operating temperature (220 °C) compared with BMO pure sample. The innovation lies in the construction of BMO/In₂O₃ heterojunction, which changes the microstructure and electron transport properties of the material, thus significantly improving the gas sensing performance. BMO/In2O3 sensors have good selectivity, excellent moisture resistance and long-term stability. The combination of In2O3 with other materials changes the microstructure of the sample, including the material particle size, optical band gap width, and vacancy oxygen ratio, and finally improves the utilization rate of the sensitive body, thus enhancing the gas-sensitive performance. The bilayer sensor has shown great application value. It can achieve super-selectivity and high-sensitivity detection of low-concentration EG at a low cost, which makes it easier to detect low-concentration EG. These results show that a BMO/In2O3 composite was prepared by a hydrothermal method and applied to glycol gas sensing. The composites have higher response values and lower operating temperatures compared to pure BMO. The crystal structure, micromorphology, optical and electronic properties were investigated, and the gas sensing performance and mechanism were discussed. In addition, real-time monitoring of glycol concentration was realized, demonstrating the potential of this sensor for practical applications.
{"title":"Study of high-performance glycol gas sensor based on BMO/In2O3 heterostructure","authors":"Qianqian Zhang , Lixiong Yang , Wenke Li , Xiangbing Li , Xiaobin Liu , Shuang Sun , Wenyao Hu , Danni Liu , Yijia Wang , Shuyi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ethylene glycol (EG) is a toxic organic compound, which is harmful to human body. Hence, the advancement of gas-sensitive materials for the efficient detection of ethylene glycol (EG) holds significant practical value. This study successfully synthesized Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub>(BMO), In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and BMO/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite samples through the hydrothermal method. Among them, BMO/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite has a spherical structure with a rough surface, has good gas sensitivity to EG, can achieve a higher response to 100 ppm EG (S = 38), and has a lower optimal operating temperature (220 °C) compared with BMO pure sample. The innovation lies in the construction of BMO/In₂O₃ heterojunction, which changes the microstructure and electron transport properties of the material, thus significantly improving the gas sensing performance. BMO/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sensors have good selectivity, excellent moisture resistance and long-term stability. The combination of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with other materials changes the microstructure of the sample, including the material particle size, optical band gap width, and vacancy oxygen ratio, and finally improves the utilization rate of the sensitive body, thus enhancing the gas-sensitive performance. The bilayer sensor has shown great application value. It can achieve super-selectivity and high-sensitivity detection of low-concentration EG at a low cost, which makes it easier to detect low-concentration EG. These results show that a BMO/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite was prepared by a hydrothermal method and applied to glycol gas sensing. The composites have higher response values and lower operating temperatures compared to pure BMO. The crystal structure, micromorphology, optical and electronic properties were investigated, and the gas sensing performance and mechanism were discussed. In addition, real-time monitoring of glycol concentration was realized, demonstrating the potential of this sensor for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 4661-4676"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.444
Jie Gao , Quan Liu , Hongquan Zhan , Pan Liu , Haiyong Li , Xiaomei Wang , Changan Wang , Zhipeng Xie
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are highly attractive for fabricating nanodevices due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and good compatibility with device design. In this work, without using any surfactant, the different mixed valence tin oxides were prepared by controlling the pH value of the precursor solution under simple hydrothermal condition. When the pH is at 3.22, Sn3O4 2D vdW nanocrystals will be produced, which have the characteristic of layered structure with mixed valence as confirmed by HRTEM and XPS analysis. The Sn3O4 nanocrystals show excellent adsorption and photocatalytic activity under the visible and infrared light, which is attributed to two-dimensional layered morphology, especial electrical structure and large mesopores structure. As the pH is increased to 9.72, SnO 2D nanocrystals with a layered structure similar to Sn3O4 could be generated, which have an obvious infrared response. Moreover, while the pH is decreased to 0.89, the tetragonal rutile phase SnO2-x nanocrystals with rich oxygen vacancies can be obtained. These tin oxides with different structures exhibit broad photo-response and high photocatalytic performance respectively.
{"title":"Growth of novel tin oxide nanocrystals under different pH: Structure evolution, broad spectrum response and photocatalytic activity","authors":"Jie Gao , Quan Liu , Hongquan Zhan , Pan Liu , Haiyong Li , Xiaomei Wang , Changan Wang , Zhipeng Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.11.444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are highly attractive for fabricating nanodevices due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and good compatibility with device design. In this work, without using any surfactant, the different mixed valence tin oxides were prepared by controlling the pH value of the precursor solution under simple hydrothermal condition. When the pH is at 3.22, Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> 2D vdW nanocrystals will be produced, which have the characteristic of layered structure with mixed valence as confirmed by HRTEM and XPS analysis. The Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals show excellent adsorption and photocatalytic activity under the visible and infrared light, which is attributed to two-dimensional layered morphology, especial electrical structure and large mesopores structure. As the pH is increased to 9.72, SnO 2D nanocrystals with a layered structure similar to Sn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> could be generated, which have an obvious infrared response. Moreover, while the pH is decreased to 0.89, the tetragonal rutile phase SnO<sub>2-x</sub> nanocrystals with rich oxygen vacancies can be obtained. These tin oxides with different structures exhibit broad photo-response and high photocatalytic performance respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 4703-4711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143235630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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