Ceramics International最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Ag-doped MnO2 nanosheets / carbon fabric via interface induced energy filtering effect for wearable thermoelectric application","authors":"R. Santhosh ,&nbsp;S. Harish ,&nbsp;H. Ikeda ,&nbsp;S. Ponnusamy ,&nbsp;M. Navaneethan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-powered wearable devices require thermoelectric materials that combine flexibility, low-temperature processability, and earth-abundant, nontoxic compositions. This study presents an innovative, rapid, one-step microwave synthesis method for Ag-doped MnO₂ nanosheet coatings, which are directly applied to carbon fabric (CF) to produce binder-free conformal films. The composition and transport properties of these films can be modulated by varying the Ag content (2–6 at.%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of phase-pure tetragonal MnO₂ without secondary phases after doping. High-resolution scanning/transmission electron microscopy (HR-SEM/TEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) mapping revealed uniform nanosheets and a homogeneous distribution of Ag. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to verify the oxidation states of Mn⁴⁺ and Ag⁺. Compared to pristine MnO₂/CF, the incorporation of Ag significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity (up to 84.05 S m⁻¹ at 4 at.% Ag).%) while maintaining an <em>n</em>-type Seebeck coefficient (−16.57 μV K⁻¹ at 370 K), achieving a maximum power factor of 21.87 nW m⁻¹ K⁻² at 6 at.%. By integrating an abundant oxide, direct textile growth, and statistically supported transport improvements near room temperature, this research offers a viable pathway toward flexible thermoelectrics for wearable energy harvesting, distinctly differentiating itself from previous pellet-based or binder-dependent methodologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62910-62922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-sample characterization of elastic and piezoelectric constants of piezoelectric materials via combination of ultrasonic pulse-echo, electric resonance, and hydrostatic piezoelectric constant measurements","authors":"Shanshan Sun ,&nbsp;Youquan Chen ,&nbsp;Shusheng Li ,&nbsp;Ruoyu Jia ,&nbsp;Ailing Xiao ,&nbsp;Liguo Tang ,&nbsp;Wenyu Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional electric resonance method typically requires at least five samples to characterize the elastic and piezoelectric constants (EPCs) of piezoelectric materials (PMs), which is likely to result in a self-consistency problem because sample-to-sample variation cannot be overcome. In general, a smaller number of samples produces better results. Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy can characterize the EPCs of PMs using only a single sample: however, this method requires PM samples with high mechanical quality factors. To reduce the number of samples required for characterization, this study combines the ultrasonic pulse-echo method, electric resonance method, and hydrostatic piezoelectric constant measurement to characterize the EPCs of PMs with ∞mm and 4mm point group symmetries. Only two samples—a rectangular block sample and thin-disk sample—are required to characterize the EPCs of the PMs with ∞mm point group symmetry, while that of the sample with 4mm point group symmetry requires only a rectangular block and long thin slice samples. The agreement between the measured electronic spectra of Fuji C64 lead zirconate titanate ceramics and [001]_C-poled 28Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃–43Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–29PbTiO₃ single crystals and those derived from the calculated PMs confirms the reliability of the method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62836-62843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanoluminescence in borate transparent glass-ceramics: Crystallization of SrAl2B2O7 and rare-earth energy transfer in Eu3+/Tb3+ co-doped systems","authors":"Zizhen Feng ,&nbsp;Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Dahong Mo ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Lulu Mao ,&nbsp;Tao Zheng ,&nbsp;Yanyan Guo ,&nbsp;Jingwen Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the preparation and luminescent properties of Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped SrAl₂B₂O₇ glass-ceramics. Eu³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped SrAl₂B₂O₇ glass-ceramics were prepared by incorporating Tb³⁺ as a sensitizer into a Eu³⁺-doped glass matrix, followed by controlled crystallization. The crystallization parameters were optimized based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of the SrAl₂B₂O₇ crystalline phase and the successful incorporation of Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ into the crystal lattice. Crystallization significantly enhanced the luminescence, with optimal intensity achieved at nucleation and crystallization temperatures of 650 °C and 690 °C, respectively. Thermoluminescence analysis revealed three distinct trap levels, providing insight into the luminescence mechanism. Mechanoluminescence tests confirmed that the stress-induced emission centers match the photoluminescence centers. This reproducible and linear response makes the material suitable for stress-sensing applications. This glass-ceramic phosphor shows promise for applications in stress monitoring, anti-counterfeiting, and next-generation optics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63041-63053"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Ce doped ZnO inverse opals: Efficient UV-light photocatalysts for dye degradation","authors":"Ahmet Kahraman ,&nbsp;Funda Ak Azem ,&nbsp;Ramazan Dalmis","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous, UV-light-responsive Ce doped zinc oxide (ZnO) inverse opal structures were successfully developed via a sol-gel infiltration method utilizing poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) opal templates. The resulting inverse opal structures were thoroughly characterized for their crystal structure, surface morphology, chemical composition, optical reflectance, and optical emission properties using XRD, SEM, XPS, UV–Vis, and PL techniques, respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of the ZnO wurtzite structure, while XPS confirmed the successful integration of Ce in mixed Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ oxidation states along with the generation of oxygen vacancies. Morphological studies have underscored the importance of optimal doping levels (below 1%) to preserve the inverse opal's structural integrity, as higher concentrations lead to partial structural collapse. Photoluminescence (PL) analysis demonstrated that optimal Ce doping enhances charge separation by modifying defect states and recombination dynamics. Critically, the photocatalytic performance under UV irradiation was strongly influenced by the dopant concentration, with the 1% Ce doped ZnO inverse opal structure exhibiting the highest dye degradation efficiency. This superior performance is linked to an optimized balance of light absorption, oxygen vacancy formation, and efficient charge carrier separation, while excessive doping resulted in detrimental recombination. These findings suggest that inverse opal-structured photocatalysts are a promising option for the photocatalytic degradation of various environmental pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62936-62949"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LaCl3 doping and borosilicate structural engineering for controlled crystallization and achieved blue emission","authors":"Guangshu Feng ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Yutao Sun ,&nbsp;Xiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingshuo Yang ,&nbsp;Junhao Li ,&nbsp;Dacheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Jin Han ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Jianbei Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs), in particular CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I), have emerged as the next-generation of photonic materials with their remarkable luminescent and environmental stability. However, the crystallographic uniformity of these inorganic perovskite quantum dots (CsPbX₃) within the glass matrices remains a considerable scientific hurdle. The ubiquitous inhomogeneous crystallinity often results in degraded optical properties which ultimately limits their future technology potential. Here, we report a borosilicate glass system doped with LaCl₃ for CsPbBrCl₂ QD growth, with the B₂O₃/SiO₂ molar ratio and LaCl₃ doping provided a synergistic effect on the glass topography and ion mobility. The glass structure was characterized by FTIR/Raman, which indicated that as B₂O₃ content was increased, [BO₃] units were generated while doping with LaCl₃ destabilized a significant portion of the bridging oxygens in B-O bonds. The breaking of B-O bonds created non-bridging oxygens. The structural change was the sequential loss of [BO₄] tetrahedral coordination with the continuous gain of [BO₃] trigonal coordination. This coordination change provided the opportunity to form 2D glass networks via plans connectivity, increasing the mobility of Cs⁺/Pb²⁺/halide ions for the homogeneous crystallization of QDs. The glass formulation that was acceptably optimized (B/Si = 3:1) shows intense blue light emission centered at 477 nm, exhibiting a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 40 nm. HRTEM confirmed CsPbBrCl₂ QDs (0.207 nm) with lattice spacing matching the cubic phase (220 plane). This work provides a scalable strategy for stable perovskite QD-glass composites, advancing their potential in high-color-purity LEDs and displays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63126-63137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of rare earth elements and ball milling on (YGd)VO4 phosphors: Evaluation of crystal structure, microstructure, luminescence properties, and band gap","authors":"Seyed Mahdi Rafiaei,&nbsp;Hengameh Fazeli Dehkordi","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.11.094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, Gd_XY_1-XVO₄ (x = 0–1): Eu³⁺/Er³⁺ phosphors were prepared via a facile solid-state method at 1100 °C. The crystal structures, microstructure, absorption, and photoluminescence characteristics of products were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) characterizations. The XRD results showed that the doping of YVO₄ host with Gd results in the left shift of the diffraction peaks while milling of phosphors leads to the considerable broadening of the diffraction peaks. Additionally, it was observed that even through the substitution of large amounts of yttrium by gadolinium atoms, no impurity phase is traceable in the XRD spectra. The SEM microstructures revealed that the particle size of Gd_XY_1-XVO₄ phosphors is in the approximate range of 3–22 μm while in the case of x = 1, the particle size is approximately 3 μm. The DRS analysis showed that the bandgap of GdVO₄ is 2.73 eV, while the powder ball milling increases this value to 3.05 eV. The photoluminescence analysis demonstrated that GdVO₄ possesses a wide and strong excitation while the most effective excitation happens at 310 nm. In addition, the employment of Eu³⁺ and Er³⁺ dopants in Gd_XY_1-XVO₄: Eu³⁺/Er³⁺ (x = 0–1) compounds gives rise to the appearance of brilliant red and green color emission, respectively. Through the use of Er³⁺ dopant <em>two prominent emission peaks at the approximate wavelengths of 524 and</em> 552 nm are respectively related to ^<em>2</em><em>H</em>_{<em>11/2</em>}<em>-</em>^<em>4</em><em>I</em>_{<em>15/2</em>} <em>and</em> ^<em>4</em><em>S</em>_<em>3/2</em><em>-</em>^<em>4</em><em>I</em>_{<em>15/2</em>} <em>electronic transitions, while in the case of doping with</em> Eu³⁺ rare earth, <em>the produced emission peaks at 515, 596, 618, and</em> 651 nm <em>originate from</em> ^<em>5</em><em>D</em>_<em>1</em><em>-</em>^<em>7</em><em>F</em>_<em>1</em><em>,</em> ^<em>5</em><em>D</em>_<em>0</em><em>-</em>^<em>7</em><em>F</em>_<em>1</em><em>,</em> ^<em>5</em><em>D</em>_<em>0</em><em>-</em>^<em>7</em><em>F</em>_<em>2</em><em>, and</em> ^<em>5</em><em>D</em>_<em>0</em><em>-</em>^<em>7</em><em>F</em>_<em>3</em> <em>transitions, respectively.</em> It was concluded that the employment of ball milling effectively leads to the strengthening of the photoluminescence characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 63151-63159"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BaZrO3 ceramics with performance selectivity prepared by controlling Ba/Zr ratio through a defect chemistry method","authors":"Jiaqi He ,&nbsp;Minghao Xue ,&nbsp;Peng Ji ,&nbsp;Zhenli Liu ,&nbsp;Zijun Peng ,&nbsp;Diyao Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiwang Chen ,&nbsp;Jingkun Yu ,&nbsp;Lei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of sintering densification and precise property control of BaZrO₃ ceramics, BaZrO₃ ceramics with selective performance were prepared by adjusting the Ba/Zr ratio (0.98–1.01) using a defect chemistry approach. The phase composition, microstructure, sintering properties, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and dielectric properties of the materials were evaluated. The results show that point defects (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mtext>Ba</mtext><mo>″</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mtext>Zr</mtext><mo>⁗</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>·</mo><mo>·</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) generated by non-stoichiometric compositions effectively influence grain morphology, pore distribution, and overall material performance. As the Ba/Zr ratio increases from 0.98 to 1.01, the relative density initially increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum of 95.01 % at Ba/Zr = 0.99. Correspondingly, pore number and size first decrease and then increase with increasing Ba/Zr ratio. This is because a higher degree of non-stoichiometry leads to a greater concentration of point defects, which inhibits grain growth and promotes pore formation at grain boundaries. At an optimal defect concentration, relative density of BaZrO₃ ceramics is enhanced, yielding the highest compressive strength of 116 MPa. At Ba/Zr = 0.98, the ceramics exhibit the lowest thermal conductivity (4.11 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) due to porous microstructures that act as phonon scattering centers. The permittivity of ceramics with Ba/Zr ratios of 0.99 and 1.00 exhibits excellent frequency stability. This is attributed to their relatively high density, which results in reduced space-charge polarization. Additionally, their low point defect concentration leads to a low dielectric loss. This work provides new insights into optimizing the composition and performance of BaZrO₃ ceramics through defect engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62602-62613"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walnut shell-porogen HA-MgO porous scaffolds for bone regeneration","authors":"Junjie Xiao ,&nbsp;Pingfan Wu ,&nbsp;Xing Ke ,&nbsp;Lingyan Guo ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Guoping Du ,&nbsp;Linlin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regeneration of bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge in orthopedic and reconstructive medicine. Conventional approaches, such as autografts and allografts, often prove insufficient in addressing the multifaceted biological and mechanical demands essential for successful bone regeneration. Therefore, the design and development of bioactive porous scaffolds with improved regenerative potential have emerged as a critical focus of current research.</div><div>In this study, a hydroxyapatite (HA)-based scaffold, commonly employed in bone regeneration, was innovatively engineered by incorporating magnesium oxide (MgO) and utilizing walnut shells as a natural pore-forming agent through high-temperature sintering. By adjusting the content ratios of MgO and walnut shells, HA-MgO porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds with varying proportions were successfully fabricated. The HA–2 % MgO scaffold fabricated with a 50 % walnut shell ratio demonstrated a well-defined porous architecture and compressive strength closely resembling that of human cancellous bone. <em>In vitro</em> evaluations further revealed improved biological performance, characterized by increased cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration, as well as significant osteogenic differentiation. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the synergistic presence of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions can effectively stimulate bone regeneration, providing a strategic foundation for the rational design of next-generation HA-magnesium composite scaffolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62780-62791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SiC whisker enhanced reaction bonded boron carbide composites by silicon infiltration: The effect of SiC whisker contents","authors":"Suting Yao ,&nbsp;Ni Zou ,&nbsp;Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongbin Ma ,&nbsp;Qian Xia ,&nbsp;Yiyang Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Li ,&nbsp;Cuiping Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Ru ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyan Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reaction-bonded boron carbide (RBBC) composites have great potential for large-scale industrial production owing to their low cost and net sintering size. The enhancement of their mechanical properties is the current focus of attention. Herein, with SiC whiskers (SiC_w) as reinforcement, SiC_w-reinforced RBBC (SiC_w/RBBC) composites with varying SiC whisker contents were fabricated by silicon infiltration. Furthermore, the effects of SiC_w content on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The as-prepared composites exhibited a maximum flexural strength of 503 ± 82 MPa and a fracture toughness of 4.36 ± 0.43 MPa m^1/2, representing substantial improvements of 54.8 % in flexural strength and 8.5 % in fracture toughness compared to the non-reinforced composites. The enhancement of the strength and toughness was attributed to good mechanical properties of SiC_w, formation of the SiC particle–SiC_w–boron carbide (SiC_p–SiC_w–B₄C) ceramic skeleton and effects of crack deflection, whisker bridging, whisker pulling out and whisker debonding. However, when the whisker content was too high, the whisker bridging effect in the green preform led to an increase in free silicon content of the composites, which is the main reason for the decline of the mechanical properties of the composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62844-62852"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tb doped IZO targets: Synergistic control of densification, microstructure, and electrical properties","authors":"Bingxue Han ,&nbsp;Benshuang Sun ,&nbsp;Lijia Chen ,&nbsp;Wenjing Du ,&nbsp;Mengdi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijun Wang ,&nbsp;Jilin He","doi":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, terbium-doped indium zinc oxide (TIZO) targets with high performance were successfully prepared by optimizing the doping ratio (atomic ratio of Tb:In:Zn = 0.005-0.05:1:1), the targets were fabricated via a two-step sintering process (T₁ = 1400 °C, T₂ = 1350 °C, t = 20 h) to optimize densification and grain uniformity, and the effects of Tb doping concentration on the density, microstructure and electrical properties of TIZO targets were investigated in detail. The results showed that the introduction of Tb enhanced the organization uniformity of the IZO targets, resulting in TIZO targets including two main phases of In₂O₃ and Zn₃In₂O₆ with small average grain sizes around 3.5 μm and Tb element was uniformly distributed as solid solution. However, with the increase of doping concentration, the densities showed a multi-stage trend of “decreasing to increasing to decreasing (99.7 %→95.0 %→99.8 %→95.1 %)”, while the resistivities showed the opposite trend of “increasing to decreasing to increasing (2.2 mΩ cm→10.6 mΩ cm→5.2 mΩ cm→8.1 mΩ cm)”. Its core regulatory mechanism lid in: Tb doping, by altering the solid solution state, oxidation behavior and lattice integrity of Tb doped, collaboratively regulated microstructure variables (grain boundaries, defects, pores, etc.), ultimately leading to a complex multi-stage non-monotonic evolution of densification activation energy, density and resistivity. The TIZO target was subjected to magnetron sputtering treatment, and the surface of the TIZO film was smooth with fine grains, and the carrier concentration of TIZO film was 0.90× 10¹⁹/cm³, the mobility of TIZO film was 48.4 cm²⸱V⁻¹⸱s⁻¹ and the resistivity was 14.3 × 10⁻³ Ω cm, exhibiting excellent surface morphology and high mobility, TIZO thin film represent promising candidates for superior TCO materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":267,"journal":{"name":"Ceramics International","volume":"51 30","pages":"Pages 62808-62817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}