Adherence to a gluten-free diet, depression, and nutrient distribution in participants with celiac disease

Abstract

Background

Celiac disease (CD) presents formidable challenges, requiring rigorous adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD)

Aim

In this study we probed the impact of GFD on depression in people with CD, analyzing depression prevalence across diverse backgrounds and scrutinizing the distribution of macro- and micronutrients.

Methods

Comprehensive data spanning National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (2009–2014) encompassed 70 CD participants and 271 individuals reporting general gluten issues. Employing SAS v9.4, merged cycles were scrutinized using unique identifiers, bolstered by sample weight and study design that reduced bias.

Results

While linear regression uncovered no significant depression, CD/GFD link and ethnicity exhibited notable significance. CD prevalence registered at 0.12 in Whites, a striking 3 to 6 times higher compared to other ethnic groups, with females encountering twice the prevalence. Nutritional deficits surfaced within both CD and GFD contexts, inclusive of negative correlations between carbohydrate intake and CD/GFD. The GFD cohort displayed reduced PUFA consumption, while deficiencies in essential micronutrients, encompassing Vitamins B1, D, and E, as well as calcium, also emerged prominently with the GDF group.

Conclusion

This study delved into the intricate interplay of dietary, mental health, and CD factors, furnishing comprehensive insights and a holistic framework for optimal management strategies for CD patients.