Nutrition最新文献

Background: Poor dietary intake has been linked to depression during pregnancy, but little research has examined this in Hispanic populations.

Objective: We examined third-trimester associations of study-derived dietary patterns with odds of prenatal depression and depressive symptoms in pregnant, low-income Hispanic women.

Methods: Participants (N = 587) were drawn from the Maternal and Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social Stressors (MADRES) cohort in Los Angeles, CA. Diet was assessed using a 24-h recall tool. Women were assigned quartile rankings based on adherence to two previously derived dietary patterns: vegetables, oils, and fruit (VOF; healthier) and solid fats, refined grains, and cheese (SRC; less healthy). Depressive symptoms were defined using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale score, and a dichotomized depression outcome was defined as Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale scores ≥16.

Results: Eighteen percent of participants were classified as depressed at the third-trimester visit. Women with the greatest adherence to the healthier dietary pattern (VOF) had 59% lower odds of depression (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.86) relative to women with the lowest adherence to this dietary pattern, after adjustment for covariates. Additionally, women with moderately high (third quartile) adherence to the VOF dietary pattern had 16.9% lower depressive symptoms (95% CI: -30.5%, -0.8%) compared with women with the lowest VOF adherence. Women with the highest VOF adherence had similar, non-statistically significant lower depressive symptoms (Beta = -10.4%, 95% CI: -25.7%, 8.1%).

Conclusion: Our results indicate that there are important relationships between a healthy diet and lower depression in late pregnancy, and suggest that nutritional counseling and improved neighborhood access to healthy food may be important for maternal mental health.

Background: Proton beam therapy (PBT) is a novel treatment for children with certain cancers. It requires meticulous planning tailored to a child's body contour, shape, and size. Weight maintenance is essential throughout therapy to avoid unnecessary treatment replanning. Despite the specificity of PBT, gastrointestinal side effects can still occur and negatively impact children's nutritional intake.

Aim: Examine the use of dietetic interventions, weight change, and calorie intake of children during PBT.

Methods: A retrospective study at a single center was undertaken. Nutritional outcomes were examined at baseline, wk-1, wk-3, wk-6 of PBT, including changes in weight Z-score and calorie intake from oral and tube feeding routes. The impact of children's disease type on the need for tube feeding, weight change, and calorie intake was analyzed.

Results: One hundred and twelve children received PBT, of which 26% (29/112) did not require dietetic intervention and were excluded, but 74% (83/112) did and were included. Of these, 51% maintained their oral intake exclusively, 28% had a prophylactic gastrostomy (including 60%, 15/25 of those with head and neck cancer), 16% a prophylactic nasogastric tube (including 23%, 11/48 of those with neurological disease). From baseline to wk-6, 80% maintained their weight within 5% loss/gain. The mean weight Z-score significantly reduced from 0.22 to 0.10 (P = 0.038), as did oral calorie intake (P = 0.003). Calorie intake from tube feeding significantly increased (P = 0.006).

Conclusions: Nutritional support ensured that most children maintained a stable weight during PBT. A high prevalence of children required tube feeding via a gastrostomy or nasogastric tube as their oral intake declined.

Objectives: Plant-based diets are rising in popularity due to their health and environmental benefits. Vegan diets are a strict plant-based diet plan that excludes all animal foods, and reports suggest that a considerable portion of habitual vegans do not consume the daily recommended amount of protein.

Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional study design to examine functional and structural markers of protein status (e.g., lean body mass and muscle strength) in healthy, lightly active women who habitually consumed a vegan (>1 y) or omnivore diet. Participants were matched by age, weight, and body mass index. Participants completed health and diet questionnaires and a physical activity assessment. Lean body mass was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dynamometer testing was used to measure hand grip and leg strength. Inferential statistics and correlational analyses were used to examine differences between diet groups.

Results: Protein intakes and lean body mass were significantly lower for the vegan participants compared to those eating meat (-44% and -8%, respectively). Although hand grip strength was similar between diet groups, several indicators of leg strength were 14% to 15% lower in the vegan group compared to the omnivore group (P < 0.05). Correlates of strength varied by diet group: several strength markers were significantly correlated to lean mass in the vegan diet group, whereas strength and dietary protein were correlated in the omnivore diet group.

Conclusion: These data suggest that functional indicators of body protein status may be adversely impacted by long-term adherence to vegan diets in young adult women.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation increases energy expenditure and is associated with reduced body adiposity and improved cardiometabolic health. Therefore, we hypothesized that anthropometric parameters, particularly those reflecting central adiposity, could serve as indirect and straightforward markers for screening BAT activity. We evaluated the performance of anthropometric indicators, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), neck-to-height ratio (NHtR), SAD-to-height ratio (SADHtR) and body roundness index (BRI), for screening of BAT activity (assessed by infrared thermography) in 122 adult women exposed to cold (for 2 h in an 18°C room), considering visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the harmful indicator of abdominal adiposity. Using multiple linear regression adjusted for age and physical activity level, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we found that BMI, SAD, WC, and WHtR were the best indirect screeners of BAT activity, performing as well as VAT (p > 0.05 for all). These indicators may serve as practical proxies of BAT activity, potentially aiding in the development of strategies for metabolic disease intervention and prevention.

Objectives: Food and nutrient security are critical for population health and environmental sustainability. This study aimed to assess Taiwan's food and nutrient security and its alignment with the planetary health diet (PHD), integrating CO₂ impact analysis.

Methods: This study introduces the Food Security Index (FSI) and Nutrient Security Index (NSI) to assess Taiwan's food and nutrient security. It also examines adherence to the PHD and uses life cycle assessment to evaluate CO₂ emissions across regions/countries, offering a comprehensive view of environmental impacts. From 2017 to 2020, the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan estimated the prevalence of undernourishment (PoU) for 12 120 participants using FAO methods. Additionally, the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was calculated for 2879 participants in 2022-23 with FAO's RM.weights package. The FSI and NSI were derived from supply-to-needs (S-Nr) and intake-to-needs (I-Nr) ratios using NAHSIT and the food balance sheet (FBS). Moreover, PHD score (PHDS) was applied to assess PHD adherence and compare CO₂ emissions across 12 regions/countries using FBS.

Results: Taiwan with PoU below 2.5% (2017-20), FIES 1.1% (2022-23). FBS showed S-Nr 0.84 for vegetables, 0.77 for fruits, and 0.47 for dairy. I-Nr for calcium was 0.56, while NAHSIT S-Nr was 0.97 for cereals/roots, 0.36 for dairy, and 0.71 for vegetables/fruits, I-Nr 0.58 for fiber, 0.56 for calcium, and 0.49 for vitamin D. Taiwan achieved the highest PHDS (48.55%), while Brazil had the lowest (31.06%). A moderate negative correlation (r = -0.413) was found between PHDS and food-related CO₂ emissions.

Conclusion: Despite high food security, targeted policies are needed to address nutrient imbalances and promote sustainable diets.

Objectives: Fatty acid (FA) profiling is nowadays performed from blood samples according to the research objective. Salivary FAs emerged as an innovative and non-invasive analysis providing information on dietary intake, pathological conditions, and metabolic status. However, evidence on the correlation of circulating with salivary FAs is, to our knowledge, unavailable. This pilot study aims to compare the FA profiles in saliva and blood in healthy adults, evaluating saliva as a potential surrogate matrix.

Methods: Samples of saliva, plasma, and whole blood were collected from healthy subjects in fasting (T0) and postprandial (T1) conditions. FAs were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Spearman coefficients and Bland-Altman plots assessed correlation and agreement.

Results: The 30 participants were 29.7 ± 5.3 y, BMI 22.3 ± 2.7 kg/m², non-smokers. In fasting conditions, salivary FAs were dominated by palmitic (22.29%, IQR = 6.50%), oleic (21.63%, IQR = 9.54%), stearic (14.40%, IQR = 7.59%), and linoleic acid (8.52%, IQR = 6.42%). Only vaccenic acid showed a significant negative correlation with plasma (P = 0.005). At T1, positive correlations emerged only for total PUFAs between saliva and plasma (P = 0.028) and saliva and whole blood (P = 0.045). Bland-Altman analysis showed limited agreement across matrices, with small-to-moderate mean biases but wide limits of agreement (LoA).

Conclusion: Despite the small sample size and exploratory nature of the study, our findings support that salivary FAs may only partially reflect blood FA profiles, with substantial interindividual variability. Larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and clarify the conditions under which saliva could become a feasible alternative matrix.