Nutrition最新文献

Objective

To evaluate the association between consumed non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a cohort of pregnant women from Santiago, Chile.

Methods

This secondary data analysis of a cohort.involved 1,472 pregnant women from the Chilean Maternal-Infant Cohort Study-II (CHiMINCs-II). These women received care at primary health care centers in Puente Alto county, South-Eastern Metropolitan Health Service of Santiago, Chile. NNS consumption was estimated using 24-h dietary recalls and linked to the packaged foods nutrition facts panel. Plasma glucose values were extracted from clinical records. GDM was defined according to national criteria: 1) fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥100 and <126 mg/dL at the first antenatal visit; 2) FPG ≥100 mg/dL or 2-hour plasma glucose ≥140 mg/dL in the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks. Cases with a GDM diagnosis in their medical records were also considered regardless of test results. The association between each NNS and GDM was assessed using logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 77.8% of the participants consumed NNS. The most consumed was sucralose (66%), followed by acesulfame-K (43.6%), and steviol glycosides (41.1%). Beverages (82%), dairy (12.4%) and candy products (4.4%) were the primary dietary sources of NNS. The GDM incidence was 18.9%, higher among consumers of any NNS compared to non-consumers (20.3% vs. 14.2%, p < 0.05). The adjusted model showed a significant association between the consumption of any NNS and sucralose and the risk of GDM (OR for any NNS = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.10–2.26; P = 0.014; OR sucralose = 1.44; 95% CI 1.06–1.95; P = 0.020).

Conclusions

The consumption of NNS, particularly sucralose, is associated with an increased risk of GDM in pregnant women. Further studies are essential to validate these results in other contexts and to guide future recommendations for healthier dietary practices among pregnant populations.

Objectives

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Conclusions

Objectives

Parkinsonian syndromes are disabling neurodegenerative diseases resulting in reduced muscle function/performance and sarcopenia, but clinical manifestations could be systemic, including deterioration of cognitive function. As studies have reported an association between muscle dysfunction and cognitive decline yet no information on these syndromes is available, we investigated the relationship between sarcopenia, its components, and cognitive function, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods

Consecutive patients affected by parkinsonian syndromes were assessed for the presence of sarcopenia using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2 algorithm: low strength (handgrip strength: <27 kg [men]; <16 kg [women]) and low appendicular skeletal muscle index by impedance (<7.0 kg/m² [men]; <6.0 kg/m² [women]). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini Mental State Examination and the Frontal Assessment Battery. Fatigue and QoL were assessed using the 16-item Parkinson's Disease Fatigue Scale and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, respectively.

Results

In total, 314 patients were included: 198 presented with low strength (63.0% probable sarcopenia); 68 (21.7%) of these were diagnosed with sarcopenia. After adjusting for multiple confounders, we observed a significant effect (poorer score) of both low strength only and sarcopenia on Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini Mental State Examination, and QoL. Only reduced muscle strength had a relevant impact on the outcomes considered.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia is associated with worse cognitive functions and QoL in patients with parkinsonian syndromes, with muscle dysfunction playing a major role. The prognostic impact of sarcopenia and its components should be addressed in prospective studies.

Objectives

Overnutrition, a leading cause of global mortality, has seen a significant rise in low- and middle-income countries, including sub-Saharan Africa. Despite emerging evidence linking overnutrition to non-communicable diseases, limited action has been taken to address this issue. While undernutrition studies have received more attention, research on overnutrition and women's health remains scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of overnutrition among reproductive women in this region

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of 2019–2023 Demographic and Health Survey datasets in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study included a weighted sample of 65,161 women aged 15–49 y. Using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, we identified factors associated with overnutrition. The adjusted odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of p < 0.05, determined the statistical significance of the explanatory variables.

Results

The pooled prevalence of overnutrition among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa was 34.79% (95% CI: 34.42–35.16). Specifically, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.81% and 12.99%, respectively. Women's educational status, age, media use, household wealth, urbanization, community poverty, and country income level were significantly associated with higher odds of overnutrition.

Conclusions

The prevalence of overnutrition among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa is relatively high. Key factors associated with this issue include women's educational status, age, media utilization, household wealth, place of residence, community poverty level, and national income status. These multilevel determinants highlight the need for a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to address overnutrition in this population. Effective strategies should target individual behaviors while considering broader social, economic, and environmental contexts. Integrating overnutrition prevention into maternal and reproductive health services, as well as strengthening social protection measures, are recommended steps to tackle this growing challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose

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Objectives

This study aimed to explore the effect of longitudinal body composition changes on mortality risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis and identify whether changes in body composition can more accurately predict mortality than baseline status.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted on 340 patients undergoing hemodialysis. Lean mass and body fat were determined using a bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) device and expressed as the lean tissue index (LTI) or fat tissue index (FTI), respectively. The patients were subjected to BIS at baseline and after 1 year. The hazard ratio (HR) for death was calculated using Cox regression analysis.

Results

Among 340 patients, 289 were tested with a repeat BIS. LTI loss and FTI gain were observed in 51.2% and 47.1% of the patients, respectively. Low baseline LTI was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality after adjusting for demographic and biochemical parameters (HR, 2.41; P = 0.047), but not when comorbidities were included in the multivariate analysis. However, after adjusting for various confounding factors, LTI loss (HR, 3.40; P = 0.039) and FTI gain (HR, 4.06; P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality, and the adjusted HR for LTI loss and FTI gain vs. no LTI loss and no FTI gain was 5.34 (P = 0.016).

Conclusions

LTI loss and FTI gain, particularly their combination, are important predictors of survival in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Our results emphasize that longitudinal changes in LTI and FTI are more strongly associated with all-cause mortality than single-point values. Therefore, it is important to dynamically assess the muscle and fat tissues and develop potential targeted treatment strategies for this population.

Background

Adipose tissue radiodensity and metabolic activity may influence COVID-19 outcomes. This study evaluated the association between adipose tissue characteristics and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

Methods

Two retrospective cohorts of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity (SATR) and visceral adipose tissue radiodensity were assessed by computed tomography. Fluorine-18-labelled fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography measured adipose tissue metabolic activity. Associations with mortality, length of stay, ventilation requirement, and complications were examined using regression analyses.

Results

High SATR was independently associated with increased mortality risk (OR: 2.70; P = 0.033), longer hospitalization (P < 0.001), higher rates of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.007), and complications: acute kidney injury (P = 0.001), secondary infection (P = 0.007), shock (P = 0.010), and pulmonary embolism (P = 0.011). SATR positively correlated with SAT glucose uptake (ρ = 0.52) and negatively with leptin levels (ρ = –0.48).

Conclusions

Elevated SATR at COVID-19 diagnosis predicts disease severity and worse outcomes. SATR is a potential prognostic biomarker for acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.

Objective

To assess the relationship between meal consumption frequency and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes among female patients with infertility.

Research Methods & Procedures

This cohort study was conducted from February 2022 to January 2024 at Tokyo Medical University Hospital. Overall, 101 female patients with infertility issues and without a history of stroke, heart disease, cancer, or type 1 or type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study. The factors extracted from the questionnaire included demographic information, meal consumption frequency before ART and at 20 years of age, smoking status, and alcohol consumption status. Data on other factors, including age, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, were collected from medical records. The assessed clinical outcomes included number of transplanted embryos, clinical pregnancies, ongoing pregnancies, live births, and miscarriages.

Results

After adjusting for potential confounding factors, including age, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, body mass index, anti-Müllerian hormone level, and parity history, a multivariate analysis of ART outcomes was performed. Patients were categorized into groups based on the frequency of weekly consumption of breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Patients who consumed breakfast 6–7 times a week were significantly more likely to have higher rates of live birth and lower rates of miscarriage in pregnancies conceived through ART.

Conclusions

Consumption of breakfast 6–7 times a week before ART was associated with increased success rates following ART. This highlights the potential importance of regular breakfast consumption for optimizing ART outcomes.