High-performance photonic crystal fibre biosensor for identifying Jurkat cells by refractive index analysis

Abstract

Jurkat cells are immortalised lines of human T lymphocyte cells widely used in research to study leukaemia, signalling of T cells, and immune responses. These cells can be used as models to define the mechanisms of leukaemia and to develop mechanism-based therapies. Jurkat cells can be detected with remarkable accuracy using the recently created Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF). The suggested design has a hybrid arrangement on its clad surface and a rectangular core. The recently released PCF analyser displays a maximum Relative Sensitivity are 95.81% for Jurkat (type I) and 94.93% for Jurkat (type II), respectively. The Effective Material Loss of 0.0070 cm⁻¹, 0.0080 cm⁻¹, and the Confinement Loss of 9.11 × 10⁻⁹ dB/m, 9.15 × 10⁻⁸ dB/m were also examined for the previously described units. Jurkat cells represent a model of leukaemia that is very malignant and proliferative, representative of aggressive T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with the ability to progress rapidly and hence poor prognosis for patients. The benefit of applying a suggested PCF sensor to Jurkat cell detection lies in the high sensitivity to refractive index changes, allowing label-free and real-time monitoring of cell interaction. This PCF sensor can offer high light-matter interaction, custom geometry, and biocompatibility for specific and reliable detection of deadly Jurkat cells in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.