Cutting-edge research on mixed-metal MOFs: fabrication, characterization, properties, and uses

Abstract

Significant strides have been made in recent years to tackle the challenges associated with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) through the incorporation of heterometallic ions into their secondary building units (SBUs) using various synthesis techniques. The design of mixed- metal–organic frameworks (MM-MOFs) presents a promising strategy to enhance the physicochemical properties of conventional MOFs, thereby improving their performance in diverse applications such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, theranostics, and sensing technologies. Although this field is still in its early stages, there is a growing demand for regular insights into the latest advancements, trends, and innovations associated with the design, synthesis, fabrication, and applications of MM-MOFs. As a result, this review seeks to underscore recent synthesis strategies, advanced characterization techniques, and novel applications of MM-MOFs. Special emphasis is placed on the latest methods utilized in the development of this unique class of materials, with the aim of informing a broader audience about recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of MM-MOFs.