Regulating of a hybrid system using ammonia-reformed hydrogen for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell integrated with an internal combustion engine: A large-scale power supply scenario

Abstract

This study proposed an ammonia-to-hydrogen- proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and hydrogen-doped internal combustion engine (ICE) hybrid system and investigated its application of this system in a large-scale mobile power scenario. The study analyzed how the total hydrogen supply to the PEMFC and ICE, as well as the distribution ratio of the PEMFC, affects the hybrid system’s performance by simulation. Two regulation strategies—constant and step regulation were proposed, and 12 regulation schemes were formulated. Seven performance indices are used to evaluate and optimize these schemes: system efficiency, battery work time, battery capacity, peak power of the battery, remaining battery power, ammonia consumption, and work efficiency. Compared to the baseline scheme, optimization using the constant regulation strategy improved system efficiency from 48.3 % to 54.57 % and reduced battery capacity by 3.46kWh. Optimization using the step regulation strategy results in a battery capacity reduction of up to 7.08kWh and a decrease in remaining battery power by 7.38kWh. Comprehensive evaluation shows that the step regulation strategy has a more significant impact on overall system performance than the constant regulation strategy.