Energy Conversion and Management最新文献

Transitioning towards sustainable trucking: Assessing environmental-economic suitability of alternative fuels for long-haul, heavy-duty transport 向可持续卡车运输过渡：评估替代燃料在长途重型运输中的环境经济适用性

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121176

Arjun Bopaiah , Rory F.D. Monaghan

Heavy-duty trucks are a significant contributor to transport emissions. The transition from diesel to zero- or low-carbon renewable energy is a promising solution to decarbonising trucks. It remains unclear which low-carbon emission powertrain types are techno-economically competitive with diesel powertrains. This work conducts a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental analysis of four zero- or low-carbon emission powertrains: (1) battery electric vehicle, (2) fuel cell electric vehicle with onboard gaseous hydrogen storage, (3) fuel cell electric vehicle with onboard liquid hydrogen storage, and (4) gaseous hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine vehicle. The total cost of ownership, well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions and the total cost of carbon abatement are evaluated for each truck type. The hourly electricity/hydrogen demand for trucks is met by modelling three different energy supply scenarios: (a) grid electricity, (b) wind, and (c) hybrid, which is a combination of wind and grid electricity compliant with the Renewable Energy Directive II. The results show that the most cost-effective zero- or low-emission trucking choice strongly depends on the energy supply scenario, large-scale stationary energy storage costs and the required driving distance of the trucks before refuelling/recharging. Battery electric vehicles are the most cost-effective trucking choice for required driving distances

< 600 k m / d a y

in the hybrid scenario. The cost of operating battery electric vehicles increases sharply with driving distances

\geq 600 k m / d a y

, and a fuel cell electric vehicle with onboard gaseous hydrogen storage provides the lowest ownership and carbon abatement costs in the hybrid scenario. The sensitivity analysis showed that higher truck fuel economy and deploying en-route refuelling stations improved the cost competitiveness of heavy-duty trucks. The findings from this study show that there is no one-size-fits-all solution, and both battery and hydrogen trucks have a role in decarbonising trucks.

重型卡车是交通排放的重要来源。从柴油过渡到零碳或低碳的可再生能源是一个很有希望的解决方案，以减少卡车的碳排放。目前尚不清楚哪种低碳排放动力系统在技术经济上能与柴油动力系统竞争。本文对四种零排放或低碳排放的动力系统进行了全面的技术经济和环境分析：(1)电池电动汽车，(2)车载气体储氢燃料电池电动汽车，(3)车载液态氢燃料电池电动汽车，(4)气态氢燃料内燃机汽车。对每种卡车的总拥有成本、从油井到车轮的温室气体排放和碳减排的总成本进行了评估。卡车每小时的电力/氢需求通过模拟三种不同的能源供应方案来满足：(a)电网电力，(b)风能和(c)混合动力，即风能和电网电力的结合，符合可再生能源指令II。结果表明，最具成本效益的零排放或低排放卡车运输选择在很大程度上取决于能源供应情景、大规模固定储能成本和卡车加油/充电前所需的行驶距离。在混合动力情况下，电池电动汽车是最具成本效益的卡车运输选择，因为需要每天行驶600公里。当行驶距离≥600公里/天时，电池电动汽车的运营成本会急剧增加，而在混合动力场景下，配备气氢存储系统的燃料电池电动汽车的拥有成本和碳减排成本最低。灵敏度分析表明，提高载重汽车燃油经济性和加氢站的设置提高了载重汽车的成本竞争力。这项研究的结果表明，没有放之四海而皆准的解决方案，电池和氢燃料卡车在卡车脱碳方面都有自己的作用。

{"title":"Transitioning towards sustainable trucking: Assessing environmental-economic suitability of alternative fuels for long-haul, heavy-duty transport","authors":"Arjun Bopaiah , Rory F.D. Monaghan","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy-duty trucks are a significant contributor to transport emissions. The transition from diesel to zero- or low-carbon renewable energy is a promising solution to decarbonising trucks. It remains unclear which low-carbon emission powertrain types are techno-economically competitive with diesel powertrains. This work conducts a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental analysis of four zero- or low-carbon emission powertrains: (1) battery electric vehicle, (2) fuel cell electric vehicle with onboard gaseous hydrogen storage, (3) fuel cell electric vehicle with onboard liquid hydrogen storage, and (4) gaseous hydrogen fuelled internal combustion engine vehicle. The total cost of ownership, well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions and the total cost of carbon abatement are evaluated for each truck type. The hourly electricity/hydrogen demand for trucks is met by modelling three different energy supply scenarios: (a) grid electricity, (b) wind, and (c) hybrid, which is a combination of wind and grid electricity compliant with the Renewable Energy Directive II. The results show that the most cost-effective zero- or low-emission trucking choice strongly depends on the energy supply scenario, large-scale stationary energy storage costs and the required driving distance of the trucks before refuelling/recharging. Battery electric vehicles are the most cost-effective trucking choice for required driving distances <span><math><mrow><mo><</mo><mn>600</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span> in the hybrid scenario. The cost of operating battery electric vehicles increases sharply with driving distances <span><math><mrow><mo>≥</mo><mn>600</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>k</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>y</mi></mrow></math></span>, and a fuel cell electric vehicle with onboard gaseous hydrogen storage provides the lowest ownership and carbon abatement costs in the hybrid scenario. The sensitivity analysis showed that higher truck fuel economy and deploying en-route refuelling stations improved the cost competitiveness of heavy-duty trucks. The findings from this study show that there is no one-size-fits-all solution, and both battery and hydrogen trucks have a role in decarbonising trucks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121176"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of a regional hydrogen supply chain framework: A case study for Central America 区域氢供应链框架设计：以中美洲为例

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121172

Mario Montalvan , Kaveh Khalilpour , Reinhard Madlener

This study presents a comprehensive framework for establishing a hydrogen supply chain network in Central America, encompassing Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, in alignment with global decarbonization efforts. Utilizing Mixed Integer Linear Programming, the research assesses the techno-economic feasibility of hydrogen integration, focusing on its role in freight transportation and regional electricity supply. The findings highlight alkaline electrolysis as the preferred production method, with liquefied hydrogen and ammonia identified as optimal carriers. Costa Rica and Nicaragua emerge as key production hubs, supplying hydrogen to neighboring countries via sea transport. The estimated levelized cost of hydrogen is 10.84 USD/kg, largely driven by electricity prices, with projections indicating a reduction to 5.16 USD/kg by 2050. A comparative analysis suggests that under specific conditions, hydrogen could achieve cost parity with diesel by 2050. While acknowledging data limitations and socio-economic uncertainties, this study provides critical insights into hydrogen’s potential role in Central America’s energy transition, serving as a foundation for future research and policy development.

本研究提出了一个在中美洲建立氢供应链网络的综合框架，包括哥斯达黎加、萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜和巴拿马，与全球脱碳努力保持一致。利用混合整数线性规划方法对氢一体化的技术经济可行性进行了评估，重点研究了氢一体化在货物运输和区域电力供应中的作用。研究结果强调碱性电解是首选的生产方法，液态氢和氨被确定为最佳载体。哥斯达黎加和尼加拉瓜成为主要的生产中心，通过海运向邻国供应氢气。据估计，氢的平准化成本为10.84美元/公斤，主要受电价驱动，预计到2050年将降至5.16美元/公斤。一项比较分析表明，在特定条件下，到2050年氢燃料可以实现与柴油同等的成本。在承认数据局限性和社会经济不确定性的同时，本研究为氢在中美洲能源转型中的潜在作用提供了重要见解，为未来的研究和政策制定奠定了基础。

{"title":"Design of a regional hydrogen supply chain framework: A case study for Central America","authors":"Mario Montalvan , Kaveh Khalilpour , Reinhard Madlener","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive framework for establishing a hydrogen supply chain network in Central America, encompassing Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama, in alignment with global decarbonization efforts. Utilizing Mixed Integer Linear Programming, the research assesses the techno-economic feasibility of hydrogen integration, focusing on its role in freight transportation and regional electricity supply. The findings highlight alkaline electrolysis as the preferred production method, with liquefied hydrogen and ammonia identified as optimal carriers. Costa Rica and Nicaragua emerge as key production hubs, supplying hydrogen to neighboring countries via sea transport. The estimated levelized cost of hydrogen is 10.84 USD/kg, largely driven by electricity prices, with projections indicating a reduction to 5.16 USD/kg by 2050. A comparative analysis suggests that under specific conditions, hydrogen could achieve cost parity with diesel by 2050. While acknowledging data limitations and socio-economic uncertainties, this study provides critical insights into hydrogen’s potential role in Central America’s energy transition, serving as a foundation for future research and policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121172"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative techno-economic analysis of a directly coupled production of methanol and formalin as example for improved hydrogen management in the chemical industry 甲醇和福尔马林直接耦合生产的比较技术经济分析，以改进化学工业中的氢管理为例

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121216

Pia Münzer, Bruno Lacerda de Oliveira Campos, Ulrich Arnold, Jörg Sauer

In the context of carbon–neutral production, sustainable H₂ will become a crucial resource and key element for the transformation of the chemical industry. In this study, the potential of inter-plant H₂ networks is demonstrated in the context of methanol and its derivatives. In order to assess the impact of the exploitation of untapped H₂-rich waste streams, a process chain for the directly coupled production of CO₂-based methanol and formaldehyde was chosen. It is shown that including a H₂ loop between a modified silver catalyst processes for formaldehyde production and the feed stream of CO₂-based methanol synthesis results in an increase in process performance as well as economic benefits. Directly coupled production leads to utilization ratios of 98% and 99% for CO₂ and H₂, respectively, while exergy efficiencies are improved by up to 4.5%pt. Economic evaluation shows that improved H₂ management not only yields savings in operational expenditures but also lowers capital investments. Over a wide range of assumed H₂ prices, small decentralized plants become more competitive when both subprocesses are directly linked. Minimum selling prices between 836 €·t⁻¹ and 852 €·t⁻¹ are reached for methanol in integrated plants, corresponding to a decrease of 3 to 13.5%pt when compared to separately operated CO₂-based methanol synthesis followed by conventional formaldehyde production.

在碳中和生产的背景下，可持续的氢气将成为化工行业转型的关键资源和关键要素。在这项研究中，植物间H2网络的潜力在甲醇及其衍生物的背景下得到了证明。为了评估开发未开发的富h2废物流的影响，选择了直接耦合生产co2基甲醇和甲醛的工艺链。结果表明，在甲醛生产的改性银催化剂工艺和二氧化碳基甲醇合成的进料流之间加入H2环，可以提高工艺性能和经济效益。直接耦合生产使CO2和H2的利用率分别达到98%和99%，而火用效率则提高了4.5%。经济评估表明，改善氢气管理不仅可以节省运营支出，还可以降低资本投资。在广泛的假设H2价格范围内，当两个子过程直接联系时，小型分散工厂变得更具竞争力。综合装置的甲醇最低销售价格在836欧元·t - 1至852欧元·t - 1之间，与单独操作的二氧化碳基甲醇合成然后传统甲醛生产相比，相应的降低了3%至13.5%。

{"title":"Comparative techno-economic analysis of a directly coupled production of methanol and formalin as example for improved hydrogen management in the chemical industry","authors":"Pia Münzer, Bruno Lacerda de Oliveira Campos, Ulrich Arnold, Jörg Sauer","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of carbon–neutral production, sustainable H<sub>2</sub> will become a crucial resource and key element for the transformation of the chemical industry. In this study, the potential of inter-plant H<sub>2</sub> networks is demonstrated in the context of methanol and its derivatives. In order to assess the impact of the exploitation of untapped H<sub>2</sub>-rich waste streams, a process chain for the directly coupled production of CO<sub>2</sub>-based methanol and formaldehyde was chosen. It is shown that including a H<sub>2</sub> loop between a modified silver catalyst processes for formaldehyde production and the feed stream of CO<sub>2</sub>-based methanol synthesis results in an increase in process performance as well as economic benefits. Directly coupled production leads to utilization ratios of 98% and 99% for CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>, respectively, while exergy efficiencies are improved by up to 4.5%pt. Economic evaluation shows that improved H<sub>2</sub> management not only yields savings in operational expenditures but also lowers capital investments. Over a wide range of assumed H<sub>2</sub> prices, small decentralized plants become more competitive when both subprocesses are directly linked. Minimum selling prices between 836 €·t<sup>−1</sup> and 852 €·t<sup>−1</sup> are reached for methanol in integrated plants, corresponding to a decrease of 3 to 13.5%pt when compared to separately operated CO<sub>2</sub>-based methanol synthesis followed by conventional formaldehyde production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121216"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pyrolysis of plastics in a multi-zone reactor: system performance and characterization of oil, gas and char 塑料在多区反应器中的热解：油、气和炭的系统性能和表征

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121192

Angela Amponsah Darko, Meryam Thulficar, Kevin J. Whitty

Pyrolysis of plastics is typically performed using a single-stage reactor operating at one temperature, limiting opportunities to separately optimize devolatilization and vapor-phase cracking. This study evaluated a novel multi-temperature-zone approach for enhancing liquid product quality during the pyrolytic conversion of plastics. A batch reactor with six independently controlled heating zones was used to assess how sequential temperature profiles influence oil yield and viscosity of pure plastics and various plastic mixtures. Initial screening showed that exposing the solid feed to high temperatures while directing the resulting vapors through progressively cooler zones provided a favorable balance of cracking and condensation. In targeted experiments, a profile of 600 °C in the melting/vaporization section followed by staged combinations of 600 °C and 400 °C in the vapor residence section was tested to vary secondary cracking severity. Operating the reactor so the melting and vaporization section was 600 °C followed by a vapor residence profile that starts at 600 °C and cools to 400 °C delivered the best performance, significantly reducing oil viscosity while improving liquid yield and reducing production of byproduct gases and char compared with other profiles. Using this configuration, oil yields ranged from 59% to 95% depending on the composition of the plastic tested. These results demonstrate that extended and tailored vapor cracking zones promote formation of low-viscosity oils that are easier to handle, more compatible with existing refining infrastructure, and better suited for energy and chemical upgrading. The staged temperature approach therefore offers a practical pathway for increasing the value of pyrolysis products from plastic waste.

塑料的热解通常使用在一个温度下运行的单级反应器进行，限制了分别优化脱挥发和气相裂解的机会。本研究评估了在塑料热解转化过程中提高液体产品质量的一种新的多温区方法。采用具有6个独立控制加热区的间歇式反应器，评估了顺序温度分布对纯塑料和各种塑料混合物的产油率和粘度的影响。最初的筛选表明，将固体进料暴露在高温下，同时引导产生的蒸汽通过逐渐较冷的区域，可以实现裂化和冷凝的良好平衡。在有针对性的实验中，在熔化/汽化段的600°C剖面，然后在蒸汽停留段的600°C和400°C分阶段组合进行测试，以改变二次开裂的严重程度。反应器运行时，熔化和汽化段温度为600°C，然后是从600°C开始冷却到400°C的蒸汽停留剖面，与其他剖面相比，显著降低了油粘度，同时提高了液体产量，减少了副产物气体和焦炭的产生。使用这种配置，根据测试塑料的组成，出油率从59%到95%不等。这些结果表明，扩展和定制的蒸汽裂解区促进了低粘度油的形成，这些油更容易处理，与现有的炼油基础设施更兼容，更适合能源和化工升级。因此，分阶段温度法为提高塑料废弃物热解产物的价值提供了一条实用的途径。

{"title":"Pyrolysis of plastics in a multi-zone reactor: system performance and characterization of oil, gas and char","authors":"Angela Amponsah Darko, Meryam Thulficar, Kevin J. Whitty","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis of plastics is typically performed using a single-stage reactor operating at one temperature, limiting opportunities to separately optimize devolatilization and vapor-phase cracking. This study evaluated a novel multi-temperature-zone approach for enhancing liquid product quality during the pyrolytic conversion of plastics. A batch reactor with six independently controlled heating zones was used to assess how sequential temperature profiles influence oil yield and viscosity of pure plastics and various plastic mixtures. Initial screening showed that exposing the solid feed to high temperatures while directing the resulting vapors through progressively cooler zones provided a favorable balance of cracking and condensation. In targeted experiments, a profile of 600 °C in the melting/vaporization section followed by staged combinations of 600 °C and 400 °C in the vapor residence section was tested to vary secondary cracking severity. Operating the reactor so the melting and vaporization section was 600 °C followed by a vapor residence profile that starts at 600 °C and cools to 400 °C delivered the best performance, significantly reducing oil viscosity while improving liquid yield and reducing production of byproduct gases and char compared with other profiles. Using this configuration, oil yields ranged from 59% to 95% depending on the composition of the plastic tested. These results demonstrate that extended and tailored vapor cracking zones promote formation of low-viscosity oils that are easier to handle, more compatible with existing refining infrastructure, and better suited for energy and chemical upgrading. The staged temperature approach therefore offers a practical pathway for increasing the value of pyrolysis products from plastic waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121192"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat integration aspects of exothermic biomethanation ─ A pilot reactor with shell-and-tube heat exchange capability 放热生物甲烷化的热集成方面─具有管壳换热能力的中试反应器

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121168

Nicolaas Engelbrecht , Herald W. Ambrose , Mads U. Sieborg , Michael V.W. Kofoed

Biomethane (CH₄) production from green hydrogen (H₂) is a renewable replacement for fossil natural gas. As in the case of other hydrogenation reactions, the methanation of CO₂ for biomethane production is an exothermic process, which produces heat equivalent to 23% of the converted H₂′s heating value (HHV). During the scaling and advancement of technology readiness of trickle-bed biomethanation, exothermic heat production has become apparent and needs addressing via suitable experimental development to achieve stable thermal operation. This work presents the integration of an internal heat exchanger into a pilot-scale trickle-bed reactor for the biomethanation of raw biogas as CO₂ source. Without heat integration, the performance of the reactor tested was limited to a specific CH₄ productivity of 6.9 NL_CH4 L_R^-1 d^-1, with a severe axial temperature gradient not optimal for stable thermal operation. With the active use of the heat exchanger and a feed gas pre-heating stage, the CH₄ productivity was enhanced up to 13.4 NL_CH4 L_R^-1 d^-1, with a much smaller temperature gradient (48–71°C). In the future, other external off-takers that utilize the produced reaction heat will contribute to higher overall biomethanation efficiencies. This paper therefore also presents three energy balance scenarios (i.e. theoretical, pilot experimental, and future industry-scale) that exemplify the requirements and opportunities of heat-integrated biomethanation.

绿色氢（H2）生产生物甲烷（CH4）是化石天然气的可再生替代品。与其他加氢反应一样，用于生产生物甲烷的CO2甲烷化是一个放热过程，其产生的热量相当于转化H2热值（HHV）的23%。在滴流床生物甲烷化的规模化和技术成熟度提升过程中，放热产热问题已经显现出来，需要通过适当的实验开发来解决，以实现稳定的热运行。这项工作提出了一个内部热交换器集成到一个中试规模滴床反应器中，用于原料沼气作为二氧化碳源的生物甲烷化。在没有热集成的情况下，所测试的反应器的CH4生产率被限制在6.9 NLCH4 LR-1 d-1，轴向温度梯度严重，不适合稳定的热运行。通过积极使用换热器和原料气预热阶段，CH4产率提高到13.4 NLCH4 LR-1 d-1，温度梯度（48-71°C）大大减小。在未来，利用产生的反应热的其他外部吸收物将有助于提高总体生物甲烷化效率。因此，本文还提出了三种能量平衡情景（即理论，试点实验和未来工业规模），以举例说明热集成生物甲烷化的需求和机会。

{"title":"Heat integration aspects of exothermic biomethanation ─ A pilot reactor with shell-and-tube heat exchange capability","authors":"Nicolaas Engelbrecht , Herald W. Ambrose , Mads U. Sieborg , Michael V.W. Kofoed","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomethane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production from green hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is a renewable replacement for fossil natural gas. As in the case of other hydrogenation reactions, the methanation of CO<sub>2</sub> for biomethane production is an exothermic process, which produces heat equivalent to 23% of the converted H<sub>2</sub>′s heating value (HHV). During the scaling and advancement of technology readiness of trickle-bed biomethanation, exothermic heat production has become apparent and needs addressing via suitable experimental development to achieve stable thermal operation. This work presents the integration of an internal heat exchanger into a pilot-scale trickle-bed reactor for the biomethanation of raw biogas as CO<sub>2</sub> source. Without heat integration, the performance of the reactor tested was limited to a specific CH<sub>4</sub> productivity of 6.9 NL<sub>CH4</sub> L<sub>R</sub><sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>, with a severe axial temperature gradient not optimal for stable thermal operation. With the active use of the heat exchanger and a feed gas pre-heating stage, the CH<sub>4</sub> productivity was enhanced up to 13.4 NL<sub>CH4</sub> L<sub>R</sub><sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>, with a much smaller temperature gradient (48–71°C). In the future, other external off-takers that utilize the produced reaction heat will contribute to higher overall biomethanation efficiencies. This paper therefore also presents three energy balance scenarios (i.e. theoretical, pilot experimental, and future industry-scale) that exemplify the requirements and opportunities of heat-integrated biomethanation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121168"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From self-sufficiency to synergy: Decarbonizing industrial park process heat with biomass steam export and grid-interactive heat pumps 从自给自足到协同：利用生物质蒸汽出口和电网交互热泵为工业园区过程供热脱碳

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121193

Xu Luo, Jianjun Xia

Industrial process heat is both carbon-intensive and increasingly dependent on the power system for deep decarbonization. In the context of rising shares of renewable electricity, flexible and low-carbon heat supply solutions are urgently needed to ensure reliable and economical operation. This study develops a full-year, park-boundary optimization framework that integrates two forms of synergy: (i) grid-interactive steam-generating heat pumps with thermal storage, and (ii) cross-plant allocation and trading of biomass steam. Within this framework, cost, exergy performance, and operational flexibility are quantitatively evaluated and translated into implementable planning rules. Results show that heat pumps with storage incur a modest exergy penalty because of higher condensation temperatures and temperature-varying heat exchange. Even so, they reduce the levelized cost of heat by shifting over 70 % of electricity consumption to low-price hours. Park-level coordination outperforms mill-level self-sufficiency. Biomass steam is dispatched to high-temperature demands, whereas heat pumps upgrade external nuclear waste heat for medium- and low-temperature loads. The optimized configuration achieves a fully zero-carbon heat supply, avoids 3.63 million t of carbon dioxide emissions annually, and delivers a levelized cost of 67.7 CNY/GJ, below the 100–120 CNY/GJ cost of natural-gas boilers. Sensitivity analysis to electricity tariff structures indicates that larger peak-to-valley ratios enhance economic performance. From these findings, practical rules are derived for energy planning, biomass allocation, and SGHP configuration. The framework is transferable to other industrial parks by substituting local zero-carbon waste-heat sources and economic parameters, offering guidance for zero-carbon heat-system planning and industrial demand response.

工业过程热是碳密集型的，并且越来越依赖于电力系统进行深度脱碳。在可再生电力份额不断上升的背景下，迫切需要灵活和低碳的供热解决方案，以确保可靠和经济的运行。本研究开发了一个全年的公园边界优化框架，该框架集成了两种形式的协同作用：(i)带储热的电网交互蒸汽产生热泵，以及（ii）生物质蒸汽的跨厂分配和交易。在这个框架内，成本、能源绩效和操作灵活性被定量评估，并转化为可实施的规划规则。结果表明，由于较高的冷凝温度和温度变化的热交换，蓄热热泵产生适度的火用损失。即便如此，他们通过将70%以上的电力消耗转移到低价时段，降低了热量的平均成本。园区层面的协调胜过工厂层面的自给自足。生物质蒸汽被分配到高温需求，而热泵升级外部核废热为中低温负荷。优化后的配置实现了完全零碳供热，年减排二氧化碳363万吨，平准化成本为67.7元/GJ，低于天然气锅炉100-120元/GJ。对电价结构的敏感性分析表明，更大的峰谷比可以提高经济绩效。根据这些发现，我们推导出了能源规划、生物质分配和SGHP配置的实用规则。通过替代当地零碳余热源和经济参数，该框架可推广到其他工业园区，为零碳热系统规划和产业需求响应提供指导。

{"title":"From self-sufficiency to synergy: Decarbonizing industrial park process heat with biomass steam export and grid-interactive heat pumps","authors":"Xu Luo, Jianjun Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial process heat is both carbon-intensive and increasingly dependent on the power system for deep decarbonization. In the context of rising shares of renewable electricity, flexible and low-carbon heat supply solutions are urgently needed to ensure reliable and economical operation. This study develops a full-year, park-boundary optimization framework that integrates two forms of synergy: (i) grid-interactive steam-generating heat pumps with thermal storage, and (ii) cross-plant allocation and trading of biomass steam. Within this framework, cost, exergy performance, and operational flexibility are quantitatively evaluated and translated into implementable planning rules. Results show that heat pumps with storage incur a modest exergy penalty because of higher condensation temperatures and temperature-varying heat exchange. Even so, they reduce the levelized cost of heat by shifting over 70 % of electricity consumption to low-price hours. Park-level coordination outperforms mill-level self-sufficiency. Biomass steam is dispatched to high-temperature demands, whereas heat pumps upgrade external nuclear waste heat for medium- and low-temperature loads. The optimized configuration achieves a fully zero-carbon heat supply, avoids 3.63 million t of carbon dioxide emissions annually, and delivers a levelized cost of 67.7 CNY/GJ, below the 100–120 CNY/GJ cost of natural-gas boilers. Sensitivity analysis to electricity tariff structures indicates that larger peak-to-valley ratios enhance economic performance. From these findings, practical rules are derived for energy planning, biomass allocation, and SGHP configuration. The framework is transferable to other industrial parks by substituting local zero-carbon waste-heat sources and economic parameters, offering guidance for zero-carbon heat-system planning and industrial demand response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121193"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Air liquefaction process in liquid air energy storage integrated with liquefied natural gas cold energy: Simulation and experiment 结合液化天然气冷能的液态空气储能中的空气液化过程：模拟与实验

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121177

Chenchen Wang, Jinya Zhang, Ning Ma, Na Sun

The growing demand for efficient air liquefaction, driven by renewable energy integration and industrial needs, faces practical bottlenecks of the pressure limits of cryogenic heat exchangers (≤10 MPa) and the actual temperature range of liquefied natural gas cold energy (−145℃ to −135℃). In this study, multiple air liquefaction cycles integrated with internal (liquid air) and external (liquefied natural gas) cold energy are systematically modeled, optimized using a genetic algorithm, and experimentally validated under pressures ranging from 1 to 10 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the optimized Heylandt cycle is identified as the most efficient configuration for stand-alone liquid air energy storage, achieving a specific energy consumption of 0.3192 kWh/kg with a cold energy recovery rate of 95%. For liquefied natural gas integrated with liquid air energy storage system, the Kapitza cycle exhibits superior performance, attaining a specific energy consumption of 0.1980 kWh/kg under a liquefied natural gas flow ratio of 0.45. Experimental validation confirms that the Kapitza cycle integrated with cold energy significantly enhances the round-trip efficiency of a 50-kW system to 54.2%, with projections indicating potential efficiencies exceeding 70% for scaled 10  MW systems. This work provides the first experimentally validated optimization of air liquefaction cycles under real-world engineering constraints, bridging a critical gap between simulation and practice. The resulting framework offers a novel and scalable pathway to high-efficiency cryogenic energy storage.

在可再生能源整合和工业需求的推动下，高效空气液化需求不断增长，但低温换热器的压力极限（≤10 MPa）和液化天然气冷能的实际温度范围（- 145℃至- 135℃）面临着现实瓶颈。在本研究中，对集成了内部（液态空气）和外部（液化天然气）冷能的多个空气液化循环进行了系统建模，使用遗传算法进行了优化，并在1至10 MPa的压力范围内进行了实验验证。实验结果表明，优化后的Heylandt循环是最有效的单机液空储能配置，比能耗为0.3192 kWh/kg，冷能回收率为95%。对于与液空储能系统集成的液化天然气，Kapitza循环表现出优异的性能，在液化天然气流量比为0.45的情况下，其比能耗为0.1980 kWh/kg。实验验证证实，与冷能集成的Kapitza循环显着提高了50 kw系统的往返效率，达到54.2%，预测表明10  MW系统的潜在效率超过70%。这项工作提供了第一个在现实世界工程约束下经过实验验证的空气液化循环优化，弥合了模拟与实践之间的关键差距。由此产生的框架为高效低温储能提供了一种新颖且可扩展的途径。

{"title":"Air liquefaction process in liquid air energy storage integrated with liquefied natural gas cold energy: Simulation and experiment","authors":"Chenchen Wang, Jinya Zhang, Ning Ma, Na Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for efficient air liquefaction, driven by renewable energy integration and industrial needs, faces practical bottlenecks of the pressure limits of cryogenic heat exchangers (≤10 MPa) and the actual temperature range of liquefied natural gas cold energy (−145℃ to −135℃). In this study, multiple air liquefaction cycles integrated with internal (liquid air) and external (liquefied natural gas) cold energy are systematically modeled, optimized using a genetic algorithm, and experimentally validated under pressures ranging from 1 to 10 MPa. The experimental results indicate that the optimized Heylandt cycle is identified as the most efficient configuration for stand-alone liquid air energy storage, achieving a specific energy consumption of 0.3192 kWh/kg with a cold energy recovery rate of 95%. For liquefied natural gas integrated with liquid air energy storage system, the Kapitza cycle exhibits superior performance, attaining a specific energy consumption of 0.1980 kWh/kg under a liquefied natural gas flow ratio of 0.45. Experimental validation confirms that the Kapitza cycle integrated with cold energy significantly enhances the round-trip efficiency of a 50-kW system to 54.2%, with projections indicating potential efficiencies exceeding 70% for scaled 10  MW systems. This work provides the first experimentally validated optimization of air liquefaction cycles under real-world engineering constraints, bridging a critical gap between simulation and practice. The resulting framework offers a novel and scalable pathway to high-efficiency cryogenic energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121177"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operational optimization for joint carbon emissions reduction and SO2 removal in semi-dry flue gas desulfurization 半干法烟气脱硫中碳减排与SO2联合脱除的操作优化

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121171

Zichang Che , Sihong Cheng , Wenbo Zhang , Yi Xing , Wei Su

Industrial desulfurization in energy-intensive sectors entails a complex trade-off between ensuring strict pollutant removal and minimizing the associated energy and material-intensive carbon footprint. However, existing optimization strategies typically focus solely on terminal removal efficiency, often overlooking the intrinsic conflict between chemical consumption costs and macroscopic carbon emissions. This study hypothesizes that integrating mechanism-based mass transfer dynamics with specific life-cycle carbon accounting can reveal critical trade-offs for synergistic pollution control. To validate this, a synergistic optimization framework for semi-dry desulfurization was developed by coupling a steady-state dual-film efficiency model with boundary-defined carbon accounting to determine optimal trajectories under dew-point safety constraints. Results demonstrate that prioritizing water humidification minimizes calcium sorbent usage through enhanced reaction kinetics, leading to a 33.4% reduction in operational carbon emissions and a decrease of 95.2 CNY/h in costs, given that the desulfurizer dominates the carbon footprint (67.2%). Ultimately, this framework provides a quantifiable, mechanism-informed tool for low-carbon operation, offering scalable strategic guidance for industrial carbon mitigation.

能源密集型行业的工业脱硫需要在确保严格去除污染物和尽量减少相关的能源和材料密集型碳足迹之间进行复杂的权衡。然而，现有的优化策略通常只关注终端去除效率，往往忽视了化学品消耗成本与宏观碳排放之间的内在冲突。本研究假设，将基于机制的传质动力学与特定生命周期碳核算相结合，可以揭示协同污染控制的关键权衡。为了验证这一点，通过将稳态双膜效率模型与边界定义碳计算相结合，开发了半干法脱硫的协同优化框架，以确定露点安全约束下的最佳轨迹。结果表明，考虑到脱硫剂在碳足迹中占主导地位（67.2%），优先考虑水加湿可以通过增强反应动力学来最大限度地减少钙吸附剂的使用，从而使运行碳排放量减少33.4%，成本降低95.2元/小时。最终，该框架为低碳运营提供了一个可量化的、了解机制的工具，为工业碳减排提供了可扩展的战略指导。

{"title":"Operational optimization for joint carbon emissions reduction and SO2 removal in semi-dry flue gas desulfurization","authors":"Zichang Che , Sihong Cheng , Wenbo Zhang , Yi Xing , Wei Su","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Industrial desulfurization in energy-intensive sectors entails a complex trade-off between ensuring strict pollutant removal and minimizing the associated energy and material-intensive carbon footprint. However, existing optimization strategies typically focus solely on terminal removal efficiency, often overlooking the intrinsic conflict between chemical consumption costs and macroscopic carbon emissions. This study hypothesizes that integrating mechanism-based mass transfer dynamics with specific life-cycle carbon accounting can reveal critical trade-offs for synergistic pollution control. To validate this, a synergistic optimization framework for semi-dry desulfurization was developed by coupling a steady-state dual-film efficiency model with boundary-defined carbon accounting to determine optimal trajectories under dew-point safety constraints. Results demonstrate that prioritizing water humidification minimizes calcium sorbent usage through enhanced reaction kinetics, leading to a 33.4% reduction in operational carbon emissions and a decrease of 95.2 CNY/h in costs, given that the desulfurizer dominates the carbon footprint (67.2%). Ultimately, this framework provides a quantifiable, mechanism-informed tool for low-carbon operation, offering scalable strategic guidance for industrial carbon mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121171"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the impact of PEM electrolyser degradation for green hydrogen production: Power variability and ageing effects 评估PEM电解槽降解对绿色制氢的影响：功率变异性和老化效应

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121142

Ane Elizetxea-Navarro , Jon Aizpuru , Yerai Peña-Sanchez , Manu Centeno-Telleria , Ander Goikoetxea , Markel Penalba

Green hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels, supported by the growing interest in electrolysers and renewable-based hydrogen production. However, limited understanding remains regarding the degradation processes affecting electrolyser performance. This paper presents a comprehensive model that integrates three primary degradation mechanisms: (1) ageing or evolutionary operational degradation, understood as time-dependent wear accumulated during operating hours; (2) dynamic operational degradation due to renewable-induced load fluctuations; and (3) shutdown-related degradation caused by frequent start-ups and shut-downs driven by renewable intermittency. The model progressively evolves from a baseline case assuming a constant operational degradation rate to a refined formulation that accounts for variable operational degradation rates and intermittent shutdowns. Results indicate that shutdown events are the dominant factor driving electrolyser degradation. When shutdown-related degradation is considered, the degradation effect increases by at least threefold compared to constant operation. Conversely, variations in operational degradation rates have a minor influence on overall system performance. Over a 25-year wind-electrolysis plant lifetime, the number of required electrolysers changes by approximately 50% when shutdown effects are neglected and only 15% when they are included. The interaction of degradation mechanisms leads to non-linear effects and unpredictable trends, underscoring the importance of integrating all relevant degradation factors into system modelling and lifecycle assessment. The findings highlight the need for more precise experimental data to refine degradation rate estimations. Nevertheless, the proposed model provides the flexibility to incorporate updated parameters as new data become available, offering a robust framework for performance prediction and strategic planning in green hydrogen systems.

由于人们对电解槽和可再生制氢的兴趣日益浓厚，绿色氢是一种有前景的化石燃料替代品。然而，对影响电解槽性能的降解过程的了解仍然有限。本文提出了一个综合模型，该模型集成了三种主要的退化机制：(1)老化或演化的运行退化，被理解为在运行时间内积累的随时间变化的磨损；(2)可再生能源引起的负荷波动导致的动态运行退化；(3)可再生能源间歇性驱动的频繁启动和停机导致的停机相关退化。该模型逐渐从假设恒定运行退化率的基线情况演变为考虑可变运行退化率和间歇性停机的精炼公式。结果表明，停机事件是导致电解槽退化的主要因素。当考虑停机相关的退化时，与恒定运行相比，退化效应至少增加了三倍。相反，操作退化率的变化对整个系统性能的影响很小。在25年的风电解厂寿命中，当不考虑停机影响时，所需电解槽的数量变化约为50%，当考虑停机影响时，所需电解槽的数量变化仅为15%。退化机制的相互作用导致非线性效应和不可预测的趋势，强调了将所有相关退化因素纳入系统建模和生命周期评估的重要性。这一发现强调了需要更精确的实验数据来改进降解率估计。然而，所提出的模型提供了灵活性，可以在新数据可用时纳入更新的参数，为绿色氢系统的性能预测和战略规划提供了一个强大的框架。

{"title":"Assessing the impact of PEM electrolyser degradation for green hydrogen production: Power variability and ageing effects","authors":"Ane Elizetxea-Navarro , Jon Aizpuru , Yerai Peña-Sanchez , Manu Centeno-Telleria , Ander Goikoetxea , Markel Penalba","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuels, supported by the growing interest in electrolysers and renewable-based hydrogen production. However, limited understanding remains regarding the degradation processes affecting electrolyser performance. This paper presents a comprehensive model that integrates three primary degradation mechanisms: (1) ageing or evolutionary operational degradation, understood as time-dependent wear accumulated during operating hours; (2) dynamic operational degradation due to renewable-induced load fluctuations; and (3) shutdown-related degradation caused by frequent start-ups and shut-downs driven by renewable intermittency. The model progressively evolves from a baseline case assuming a constant operational degradation rate to a refined formulation that accounts for variable operational degradation rates and intermittent shutdowns. Results indicate that shutdown events are the dominant factor driving electrolyser degradation. When shutdown-related degradation is considered, the degradation effect increases by at least threefold compared to constant operation. Conversely, variations in operational degradation rates have a minor influence on overall system performance. Over a 25-year wind-electrolysis plant lifetime, the number of required electrolysers changes by approximately 50% when shutdown effects are neglected and only 15% when they are included. The interaction of degradation mechanisms leads to non-linear effects and unpredictable trends, underscoring the importance of integrating all relevant degradation factors into system modelling and lifecycle assessment. The findings highlight the need for more precise experimental data to refine degradation rate estimations. Nevertheless, the proposed model provides the flexibility to incorporate updated parameters as new data become available, offering a robust framework for performance prediction and strategic planning in green hydrogen systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121142"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrification of gasification-based chemical recycling – A techno-economic assessment 气化化学回收的电气化-技术经济评价

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121181

Antonia Helf , Florian Keller , Martin Gräbner

Gasification-based chemical recycling can be one of the key technologies to close the carbon loop on non-recyclable plastic waste as well as other challenging waste streams in order to reduce emissions and provide carbon to the chemical industry. However, gasification process chains exhibit limited carbon recovery to products due to intrinsic CO₂ production. This can be counteracted by electrification, either by integration of plasma into the gasification or by integration of electrolytic hydrogen into the process chain. For a representative plastic waste sorting residue stream, these electrification pathways are compared to non-electrified gasification and assessed from a techno-economic perspective based on thermodynamic modeling. The results show that electrification has the potential to increase carbon recovered to the main product by 30 to 47%pts., with almost full recovery possible for hydrogen. Economically, plasma gasification is favorable, showing 20% higher net present value, while a 50% reduction in net present value was identified for hydrogen, both in comparison to the non-electrified reference case. Additionally, plasma gasification was found to have the lowest levelized cost of production of around 635 €/t of methanol of all electrified cases. As a key influencing parameter, cost of electricity is identified. These findings indicate that plasma integration into waste gasification process chains is a promising pathway for future low-emission waste management.

以气化为基础的化学回收可以成为关闭不可回收塑料废物和其他具有挑战性的废物流的碳循环的关键技术之一，以减少排放并为化学工业提供碳。然而，由于固有的二氧化碳生产，气化过程链对产品的碳回收有限。这可以通过电气化来抵消，要么通过将等离子体整合到气化过程中，要么通过将电解氢整合到工艺链中。对于一个具有代表性的塑料垃圾分类残渣流，将这些电气化途径与非电气化途径进行了比较，并基于热力学建模从技术经济角度进行了评估。结果表明，电气化有可能使主要产品的碳回收率提高30%至47%。，氢气几乎可以完全回收。在经济上，等离子气化是有利的，与非电气化的参考情况相比，其净现值提高了20%，而氢的净现值降低了50%。此外，在所有电气化案例中，等离子气化的平均生产成本最低，约为635欧元/吨。确定了电力成本作为一个关键的影响参数。这些发现表明，等离子体整合到废物气化过程链中是未来低排放废物管理的一个有希望的途径。

{"title":"Electrification of gasification-based chemical recycling – A techno-economic assessment","authors":"Antonia Helf , Florian Keller , Martin Gräbner","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gasification-based chemical recycling can be one of the key technologies to close the carbon loop on non-recyclable plastic waste as well as other challenging waste streams in order to reduce emissions and provide carbon to the chemical industry. However, gasification process chains exhibit limited carbon recovery to products due to intrinsic CO<sub>2</sub> production. This can be counteracted by electrification, either by integration of plasma into the gasification or by integration of electrolytic hydrogen into the process chain. For a representative plastic waste sorting residue stream, these electrification pathways are compared to non-electrified gasification and assessed from a techno-economic perspective based on thermodynamic modeling. The results show that electrification has the potential to increase carbon recovered to the main product by 30 to 47%pts., with almost full recovery possible for hydrogen. Economically, plasma gasification is favorable, showing 20% higher net present value, while a 50% reduction in net present value was identified for hydrogen, both in comparison to the non-electrified reference case. Additionally, plasma gasification was found to have the lowest levelized cost of production of around 635€/t of methanol of all electrified cases. As a key influencing parameter, cost of electricity is identified. These findings indicate that plasma integration into waste gasification process chains is a promising pathway for future low-emission waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 121181"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0