Carbon-free combustion in internal combustion engines can be advanced by addressing the low flame velocity and ignition difficulties in lean combustion or ammonia-fueled combustion. Our previous work introduced Turbulent Jet Pre-Chamber Spark Ignition (TJ-PSI) to achieve this goal. While TJ-PSI improves flame speed, ignition failure occurs under strong turbulence. In this study, microwave-assisted ignition is integrated with TJ-PSI to stabilize ignition and accelerate combustion, named Turbulent Jet Microwave-Assisted Ignition (TJ-MAI). The combustion pressure and heat release rate of TJ-MAI are monitored and compared with TJ-PSI and conventional spark ignition. Moreover, a power diagnostic for TJ-MAI is conducted to measure the microwave energy and spark energy, separately. Results show that TJ-MAI leads to more intensive combustion than conventional spark ignition, with a maximum heat release rate increased by over two times. Moreover, TJ-MAI broadens the ignitable time range and improves the ignition success rate compared to TJ-PSI. Then, the principle of microwave stabilizing ignition in pre-chamber jet is proposed from an energy perspective. Microwave radiation inhibits the restrike of the spark channel. Therefore, for TJ-MAI, more spark energy can heat the same bulk of gas mixture to form a self-sustained flame. Meanwhile, microwave energy, absorbed during spark ignition, decreases the minimum ignition energy required for successful ignition in TJ-MAI. According to the chemiluminescence-Schlieren image, the reduction in the minimum ignition energy is due to the kinetic effect of microwave plasma which spurs the population of initial radicals. Additionally, the intensity of initial radicals shows a monotonic increase with microwave energy.
{"title":"Stabilizing ignition and enhancing combustion within pre-chamber jet by integrating microwave-assisted ignition","authors":"Huimin Wu, Rongjie Li, Jingxing Xu, Shijun Dong, Chunhui Wang, Jyh-Yuan Chen, Zhaowen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119306","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-free combustion in internal combustion engines can be advanced by addressing the low flame velocity and ignition difficulties in lean combustion or ammonia-fueled combustion. Our previous work introduced Turbulent Jet Pre-Chamber Spark Ignition (TJ-PSI) to achieve this goal. While TJ-PSI improves flame speed, ignition failure occurs under strong turbulence. In this study, microwave-assisted ignition is integrated with TJ-PSI to stabilize ignition and accelerate combustion, named Turbulent Jet Microwave-Assisted Ignition (TJ-MAI). The combustion pressure and heat release rate of TJ-MAI are monitored and compared with TJ-PSI and conventional spark ignition. Moreover, a power diagnostic for TJ-MAI is conducted to measure the microwave energy and spark energy, separately. Results show that TJ-MAI leads to more intensive combustion than conventional spark ignition, with a maximum heat release rate increased by over two times. Moreover, TJ-MAI broadens the ignitable time range and improves the ignition success rate compared to TJ-PSI. Then, the principle of microwave stabilizing ignition in pre-chamber jet is proposed from an energy perspective. Microwave radiation inhibits the restrike of the spark channel. Therefore, for TJ-MAI, more spark energy can heat the same bulk of gas mixture to form a self-sustained flame. Meanwhile, microwave energy, absorbed during spark ignition, decreases the minimum ignition energy required for successful ignition in TJ-MAI. According to the chemiluminescence-Schlieren image, the reduction in the minimum ignition energy is due to the kinetic effect of microwave plasma which spurs the population of initial radicals. Additionally, the intensity of initial radicals shows a monotonic increase with microwave energy.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119253
Qin Liu, Ruming Chen, Qinglu Gao, Wenwen Yue
The sustainable development of the new energy industry is crucial for addressing climate change and facing various challenges, which requires the support of green innovation network effected by digitalization. Nonetheless, the influence of each dimension of digitalization in driving network development to enhance sustainable development performance has yet to be adequately explored. Therefore, this study aims to explore how multi-dimensional digitization dynamically empowers green innovation networks and identifies key digitalization elements, thus effectively improving sustainable development performance. Green innovation networks of new energy enterprises in China are constructed using green patents. First, the impact of network structure on sustainable development performance is analyzed from the perspective of structural embeddedness with multiple regression analysis. Further, the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of network structure at macroscopic and mesoscopic levels are investigated through social network analysis and network motif. Then, a multi-dimensional digitalization framework is established, and the temporal exponential random graph model is employed to uncover the evolutionary mechanism of green innovation network, considering five types of digitalization elements. The findings indicate the following: (1) Green innovation network structure affects sustainable development performance and enterprises with high closeness centrality and betweenness centrality exhibit superior sustainable development performance. (2) The evolutionary characteristics of green innovation networks reveal the networks lacks resilience, necessitating the optimization of network structure through promoting formation of innovation collaboration relationships. (3) The impacts of multi-dimensional digitalization elements on green innovation network are heterogeneous and dynamic. Digital technology, digital investment, digital strategy, and digital policy empower the positive development of networks and facilitate network formation, while digital economy exerts a negative effect. Similar digital strategies among enterprises facilitate the formation of green innovation networks. This study offers valuable insights for local governments in formulating industrial policies and for new energy enterprises in optimizing digitalization elements and improving sustainable development performance.
{"title":"Improving sustainable development performance of new energy industry through green innovation network evolution empowered by digitalization: Based on temporal exponential random graph model","authors":"Qin Liu, Ruming Chen, Qinglu Gao, Wenwen Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119253","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development of the new energy industry is crucial for addressing climate change and facing various challenges, which requires the support of green innovation network effected by digitalization. Nonetheless, the influence of each dimension of digitalization in driving network development to enhance sustainable development performance has yet to be adequately explored. Therefore, this study aims to explore how multi-dimensional digitization dynamically empowers green innovation networks and identifies key digitalization elements, thus effectively improving sustainable development performance. Green innovation networks of new energy enterprises in China are constructed using green patents. First, the impact of network structure on sustainable development performance is analyzed from the perspective of structural embeddedness with multiple regression analysis. Further, the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of network structure at macroscopic and mesoscopic levels are investigated through social network analysis and network motif. Then, a multi-dimensional digitalization framework is established, and the temporal exponential random graph model is employed to uncover the evolutionary mechanism of green innovation network, considering five types of digitalization elements. The findings indicate the following: (1) Green innovation network structure affects sustainable development performance and enterprises with high closeness centrality and betweenness centrality exhibit superior sustainable development performance. (2) The evolutionary characteristics of green innovation networks reveal the networks lacks resilience, necessitating the optimization of network structure through promoting formation of innovation collaboration relationships. (3) The impacts of multi-dimensional digitalization elements on green innovation network are heterogeneous and dynamic. Digital technology, digital investment, digital strategy, and digital policy empower the positive development of networks and facilitate network formation, while digital economy exerts a negative effect. Similar digital strategies among enterprises facilitate the formation of green innovation networks. This study offers valuable insights for local governments in formulating industrial policies and for new energy enterprises in optimizing digitalization elements and improving sustainable development performance.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119303
Qiang Xu, Haitian Long, Song Tian, Qiulei Cheng, Jie Liu, Mingsheng Li, Shouyong Xie, Ping Wang, Mingyuan Gao, Yuhua Sun
Piezoelectric patches are extensively utilized in sensor technology and energy harvesting owing to their uncomplicated design. This research proposes a dual-mode arrayed piezoelectric energy harvester for the efficient harvesting of vibrational and wind energy from the environment. This research elucidates the structure and operational principle of the dual-mode arrayed vibration-wind piezoelectric energy harvester. The theoretical model of the proposed energy harvester was meticulously derived, followed by a Comsol simulation of its piezoelectric electrical performance, and a Fluent simulation study of the natural wind disturbance flow was established. The wind energy harvesting test bench was constructed to carry out the wind energy harvesting assessment. The vibration tests of the sinusoidal sweep frequency, fixed frequency, and railroad spectrum of the energy harvester were conducted using the shaker. The results indicate that the simulated resonance frequencies nearly align with the measured resonance frequencies, and the large voltage output of the harvester varies from 6 to 20 Hz, enhanced by the coupling effect of the magnet’s restoring force. The feasibility of the energy harvester for energizing low-power consumption devices was validated under the measured rail acceleration. The dual-mode arrayed vibration-wind piezoelectric energy harvester presented in this research offers a solution for the self-powered sensors used in freight train hook force detection and plateau intelligent agriculture.
{"title":"Dual-mode arrayed vibration-wind piezoelectric energy harvester","authors":"Qiang Xu, Haitian Long, Song Tian, Qiulei Cheng, Jie Liu, Mingsheng Li, Shouyong Xie, Ping Wang, Mingyuan Gao, Yuhua Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119303","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric patches are extensively utilized in sensor technology and energy harvesting owing to their uncomplicated design. This research proposes a dual-mode arrayed piezoelectric energy harvester for the efficient harvesting of vibrational and wind energy from the environment. This research elucidates the structure and operational principle of the dual-mode arrayed vibration-wind piezoelectric energy harvester. The theoretical model of the proposed energy harvester was meticulously derived, followed by a Comsol simulation of its piezoelectric electrical performance, and a Fluent simulation study of the natural wind disturbance flow was established. The wind energy harvesting test bench was constructed to carry out the wind energy harvesting assessment. The vibration tests of the sinusoidal sweep frequency, fixed frequency, and railroad spectrum of the energy harvester were conducted using the shaker. The results indicate that the simulated resonance frequencies nearly align with the measured resonance frequencies, and the large voltage output of the harvester varies from 6 to 20 Hz, enhanced by the coupling effect of the magnet’s restoring force. The feasibility of the energy harvester for energizing low-power consumption devices was validated under the measured rail acceleration. The dual-mode arrayed vibration-wind piezoelectric energy harvester presented in this research offers a solution for the self-powered sensors used in freight train hook force detection and plateau intelligent agriculture.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing high temperature heat pump technology is one of the key strategies to accelerate the low-carbon transformation of energy consumption in industrial sectors. However, due to inadequate temperature matching between the heat transfer fluid and the working fluid, there is still potential for performance improvement in high temperature heat pumps. Therefore, a modified zeotropic mixture cascade high temperature heat pump with liquid separation condensers and ejector is proposed in this study. Implementing liquid separation condensation to adjust the composition of the zeotropic mixture and temperature glide, while utilizing an ejector to establish dual-pressure evaporation, improves temperature matching of the heat exchange process in the system. Initially, a mathematical model is developed and validated. Subsequently, a comparison of the system performance is conducted. Finally, parameter studies and potential performance explorations of the modified cascade high temperature heat pump are performed. The main results are summarized as follows: The coefficient of performance of the modified heat pump is 5.12 % to 9.55 % higher than that of the conventional cascade high temperature heat pump. The coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency initially increase and then decrease as the vapor quality and the intermediate pressure increase. However, the influence of vapor quality in high temperature cycle is relatively insignificant. The working fluid group of R152a/R1233zd(E) and R1336mzz(Z)/toluene is the preferred choice when the heat source inlet temperature is between 40–50 °C. The working fluid group of Isobutane/R1233zd(E) and R1336mzz(Z)/toluene is effective across most temperature ranges where heat source inlet temperature is between 55–100 °C. When the heat source inlet temperature is between 75–100 °C and the heat sink inlet temperature is between 170–200 °C, the working fluid group of Propane/R1233zd(E) and R1224yd(Z)/toluene is more favorable.
{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of a modified cascade high temperature heat pump with zeotropic mixtures for heating production up to 200 °C","authors":"Yisheng Huang, Guiqiang Li, Xin Tang, Kunteng Huang, Wei Zhao, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119307","url":null,"abstract":"Developing high temperature heat pump technology is one of the key strategies to accelerate the low-carbon transformation of energy consumption in industrial sectors. However, due to inadequate temperature matching between the heat transfer fluid and the working fluid, there is still potential for performance improvement in high temperature heat pumps. Therefore, a modified zeotropic mixture cascade high temperature heat pump with liquid separation condensers and ejector is proposed in this study. Implementing liquid separation condensation to adjust the composition of the zeotropic mixture and temperature glide, while utilizing an ejector to establish dual-pressure evaporation, improves temperature matching of the heat exchange process in the system. Initially, a mathematical model is developed and validated. Subsequently, a comparison of the system performance is conducted. Finally, parameter studies and potential performance explorations of the modified cascade high temperature heat pump are performed. The main results are summarized as follows: The coefficient of performance of the modified heat pump is 5.12 % to 9.55 % higher than that of the conventional cascade high temperature heat pump. The coefficient of performance and exergy efficiency initially increase and then decrease as the vapor quality and the intermediate pressure increase. However, the influence of vapor quality in high temperature cycle is relatively insignificant. The working fluid group of R152a/R1233zd(E) and R1336mzz(Z)/toluene is the preferred choice when the heat source inlet temperature is between 40–50 °C. The working fluid group of Isobutane/R1233zd(E) and R1336mzz(Z)/toluene is effective across most temperature ranges where heat source inlet temperature is between 55–100 °C. When the heat source inlet temperature is between 75–100 °C and the heat sink inlet temperature is between 170–200 °C, the working fluid group of Propane/R1233zd(E) and R1224yd(Z)/toluene is more favorable.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119285
J. Bonilla, B. Ortega-Delgado, D.C. Alarcón-Padilla, J. Fernández-Reche, P. Palenzuela
Water scarcity and sustainable energy production are critical global challenges. This study addresses these issues by developing a simulation tool for solar thermal cogeneration plants that integrate a micro-gas turbine with a central receiver solar power plant with multi-effect desalination units. This integration can produce both electricity and freshwater without energy penalties. The simulation tool, implemented using Python, has been applied to a coastal location in Cyprus. Results indicate a 20 % higher output of electricity and freshwater during summer compared to winter, with a maximum solar fraction of 33 % achieved in July. This approach demonstrates the potential for efficient, small-scale renewable energy solutions to simultaneously meet water and energy needs.
{"title":"Development of a novel tool to simulate solar thermal cogeneration plants using small-capacity tower plants","authors":"J. Bonilla, B. Ortega-Delgado, D.C. Alarcón-Padilla, J. Fernández-Reche, P. Palenzuela","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119285","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity and sustainable energy production are critical global challenges. This study addresses these issues by developing a simulation tool for solar thermal cogeneration plants that integrate a micro-gas turbine with a central receiver solar power plant with multi-effect desalination units. This integration can produce both electricity and freshwater without energy penalties. The simulation tool, implemented using Python, has been applied to a coastal location in Cyprus. Results indicate a 20 % higher output of electricity and freshwater during summer compared to winter, with a maximum solar fraction of 33 % achieved in July. This approach demonstrates the potential for efficient, small-scale renewable energy solutions to simultaneously meet water and energy needs.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119178
Veysel Demırcı, Furkan Erman Kan, Mehmet Seyhan, Mustafa Sarıoğlu
Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) stand out in terms of providing energy for sustainable ecosystems. Therefore, increasing the power coefficient (CP) of wind turbines is essential for the efficient use of energy. This study experimentally examined the influence of the location of the leading edge (LE) tubercles on the performance of a three-bladed small-scale HAWT rotor. For this purpose, experimental studies were conducted to determine the performance of a small-scale HAWT under static and dynamic conditions, and information about the 3D flow field was obtained using the surface oil flow visualization technique. The NACA 4412 airfoil was selected, and the optimum blade geometry was designed using Schmitz equations based on the blade element momentum (BEM) theorem. Experiments were conducted in a blowing-type wind tunnel with an open test section for three different rpm of the rotor (300, 400, and 500) to determine the CP of the rotor.Three different configurations with LE tubercles at 100 %, 50 %, and 25 % rotor radius toward the blade tip, designated B1, B2, and B3, have been compared with the baseline blade. Measurements indicate that the LE tubercles, located over 50 % of the blade span, provide a notable enhancement in the CP.B2 exhibited the best performance at all the examined rotor speeds, followed by B3. The highest CP was 0.32 for the B2 at 500 rpm, a 39.1 % improvement over the baseline blade. Moreover, the maximum improvement in the CP was achieved by 63.2 % at 400 rpm on the B2 blade compared with the baseline blade. The CP was accurately predicted via regression analysis based on the location of the LE tubercles, and the model demonstrated high accuracy and reliability.
{"title":"The effects of the location of the leading-edge tubercles on the performance of horizontal axis wind turbine","authors":"Veysel Demırcı, Furkan Erman Kan, Mehmet Seyhan, Mustafa Sarıoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119178","url":null,"abstract":"Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) stand out in terms of providing energy for sustainable ecosystems. Therefore, increasing the power coefficient (<ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic>) of wind turbines is essential for the efficient use of energy. This study experimentally examined the influence of the location of the leading edge (LE) tubercles on the performance of a three-bladed small-scale HAWT rotor. For this purpose, experimental studies were conducted to determine the performance of a small-scale HAWT under static and dynamic conditions, and information about the 3D flow field was obtained using the surface oil flow visualization technique. The NACA 4412 airfoil was selected, and the optimum blade geometry was designed using Schmitz equations based on the blade element momentum (BEM) theorem. Experiments were conducted in a blowing-type wind tunnel with an open test section for three different rpm of the rotor (300, 400, and 500) to determine the <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> of the rotor.<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>Three different configurations with LE tubercles at 100 %, 50 %, and 25 % rotor radius toward the blade tip, designated B1, B2, and B3, have been compared with the baseline blade. Measurements indicate that the LE tubercles, located over 50 % of the blade span, provide a notable enhancement in the <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic>.<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>B2 exhibited the best performance at all the examined rotor speeds, followed by B3. The highest <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> was 0.32 for the B2 at 500 rpm, a 39.1 % improvement over the baseline blade. Moreover, the maximum improvement in the <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> was achieved by 63.2 % at 400 rpm on the B2 blade compared with the baseline blade. The <ce:italic>C<ce:inf loc=\"post\">P</ce:inf></ce:italic> was accurately predicted via regression analysis based on the location of the LE tubercles, and the model demonstrated high accuracy and reliability.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119308
Dohee Kim, Taehyun Kim, Yungeon Kim, Jinwoo Park
Turquoise hydrogen production is an environmentally sustainable and economically viable method that generates carbon black as a byproduct. This study presents a novel approach for incorporating carbon black into chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG). Previous research has primarily evaluated the economic feasibility of turquoise hydrogen production based on revenue from selling carbon black. However, as turquoise hydrogen gains broader commercialization, the surplus of carbon black could saturate the market. Therefore, it is essential to explore alternative strategies for carbon black use to maintain the economic viability of the process without relying solely on its sale. This study proposes a process that integrates turquoise hydrogen production with CLHG, using carbon black from the production process as feedstock for the CLHG. This integrated process doubles the hydrogen production compared to turquoise hydrogen production alone. The generated hydrogen is then used for methanol (MeOH) synthesis, along with the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced during the reaction. Comprehensive energy, environmental, techno-economic, and sensitivity analyses were conducted for the proposed process. The energy analysis revealed a total energy efficiency of 66.21 %. Environmental analysis revealed that the specific direct CO2 equivalent (eq.) emissions and specific total CO2 eq. emissions were 0.11 t/t MeOH and 0.975 t/t MeOH, respectively. The levelized cost of methanol was $188.02/t without a carbon tax and $216.75/t with a carbon tax, reflecting a 43.04 %–45.69 % reduction compared with the conventional methanol production process. Integrating turquoise hydrogen production with the CLHG process and using carbon black as a feedstock presents a promising, economically, and environmentally sustainable solution for future methanol production.
{"title":"A novel methanol production process utilizing carbon black from turquoise hydrogen: Integration with chemical looping hydrogen generation","authors":"Dohee Kim, Taehyun Kim, Yungeon Kim, Jinwoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119308","url":null,"abstract":"Turquoise hydrogen production is an environmentally sustainable and economically viable method that generates carbon black as a byproduct. This study presents a novel approach for incorporating carbon black into chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG). Previous research has primarily evaluated the economic feasibility of turquoise hydrogen production based on revenue from selling carbon black. However, as turquoise hydrogen gains broader commercialization, the surplus of carbon black could saturate the market. Therefore, it is essential to explore alternative strategies for carbon black use to maintain the economic viability of the process without relying solely on its sale. This study proposes a process that integrates turquoise hydrogen production with CLHG, using carbon black from the production process as feedstock for the CLHG. This integrated process doubles the hydrogen production compared to turquoise hydrogen production alone. The generated hydrogen is then used for methanol (MeOH) synthesis, along with the carbon dioxide (CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) produced during the reaction. Comprehensive energy, environmental, techno-economic, and sensitivity analyses were conducted for the proposed process. The energy analysis revealed a total energy efficiency of 66.21 %. Environmental analysis revealed that the specific direct CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> equivalent (eq.) emissions and specific total CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> eq. emissions were 0.11 t/t MeOH and 0.975 t/t MeOH, respectively. The levelized cost of methanol was $188.02/t without a carbon tax and $216.75/t with a carbon tax, reflecting a 43.04 %–45.69 % reduction compared with the conventional methanol production process. Integrating turquoise hydrogen production with the CLHG process and using carbon black as a feedstock presents a promising, economically, and environmentally sustainable solution for future methanol production.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acid oils, which are readily available and cost-effective, show promise as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. This study focuses on biodiesel production using soya acid oil having high free fatty acids (FFAs) content of 80.65 %. Biodiesel is produced from high-FFA soya acid oil by employing a novel high speed homogenizer technique through esterification process followed by neutralization step. The process variables affecting esterification reaction have been optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken Design (BBD) technique. A maximum FFA conversion of 98.06 % was found at a M:O molar proportion of 18.41:1, a process time of 84.62 min, a catalyst amount of 2.18 wt%, and a rotational speed of 14,100 RPM. The determined activation energy for esterification reaction using high speed homogenizer was 36.82 kJ/mol, which is 1.5 to 2 times lower compared to conventional techniques. Thermodynamic behaviour of esterification reaction was studied and analysed. The resulting biodiesel after the neutralization step meets the EN 14214 standard for conversion rate (minimum 96.5 %) and physicochemical properties, ensuring commercial viability.
{"title":"A novel high-speed homogenizer assisted process intensification technique for biodiesel production using soya acid oil: Process optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic modelling","authors":"Nirav Prajapati, Surendra Singh Kachhwaha, Pravin Kodgire, Rakesh Kumar Vij","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119302","url":null,"abstract":"Acid oils, which are readily available and cost-effective, show promise as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. This study focuses on biodiesel production using soya acid oil having high free fatty acids (FFAs) content of 80.65 %. Biodiesel is produced from high-FFA soya acid oil by employing a novel high speed homogenizer technique through esterification process followed by neutralization step. The process variables affecting esterification reaction have been optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) based Box-Behnken Design (BBD) technique. A maximum FFA conversion of 98.06 % was found at a M:O molar proportion of 18.41:1, a process time of 84.62 min, a catalyst amount of 2.18 wt%, and a rotational speed of 14,100 RPM. The determined activation energy for esterification reaction using high speed homogenizer was 36.82 kJ/mol, which is 1.5 to 2 times lower compared to conventional techniques. Thermodynamic behaviour of esterification reaction was studied and analysed. The resulting biodiesel after the neutralization step meets the EN 14214 standard for conversion rate (minimum 96.5 %) and physicochemical properties, ensuring commercial viability.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119273
Bauyrzhan Biakhmetov, Yue Li, Qunshan Zhao, Abay Dostiyarov, David Flynn, Siming You
Less than one-tenth of municipal plastic waste generated is mechanically recycled, resulting in the remainder ending up in incineration plants or landfills worldwide. There is limited consideration on the effects of system scales and transportation processes on the economic feasibility of municipal plastic waste treatment. In this study, a techno-economic assessment framework was developed for pyrolysis-based resource recovery from non-recycled municipal plastic waste. The framework incorporates detailed transportation and process modelling with cost-benefit analysis, which enables greater assessment flexibility and accuracy and the accounting of the effects of system scale. The techno-economic feasibility of centralized large-scale and decentralized small-scale systems that recover value-added fuels (diesel and hydrogen), with and without carbon capture and storage units, were compared. The large-scale diesel system without carbon capture and storage reflected a real-world demonstrator, while other systems considered in this study were proposed alternatives to non-recycled municipal plastic waste management. Specifically, the municipal plastic waste transportation, and pyrolysis-based diesel and hydrogen production from non-recycled municipal plastic waste were modelled and simulated using ArcGIS Pro and Aspen Plus software, respectively. The data of transportation and process modelling were feed into a cost-benefit analysis to calculate the net present values of relevant developments. It was shown that only centralized large-scale diesel production, with and without carbon capture and storage, exhibited total positive net present values (£22,240,135 and £24,449,631, respectively), indicating their economic feasibility. The decentralized small-scale hydrogen production system with carbon capture and storage yielded the lowest net present value result (−£2,391) per tonne of treated non-recycled municipal plastic waste. Particularly, the production of diesel and hydrogen from non-recycled municipal plastic systems, with carbon dioxide emissions to the environment, demonstrated better economic performance than the same systems capturing and storing carbon dioxide, attributable to its higher capital and operational expenditures. Finally, sensitivity analysis revealed that the fuel sales price and OPEX had the most significant impact on the net present values.
全世界产生的城市塑料垃圾中，只有不到十分之一得到机械回收利用，其余的最终被送往焚烧厂或垃圾填埋场。关于系统规模和运输过程对城市塑料垃圾处理经济可行性的影响，目前考虑的还很有限。在这项研究中，针对基于热解的非回收城市塑料废物资源回收，开发了一个技术经济评估框架。该框架将详细的运输和工艺建模与成本效益分析相结合，从而提高了评估的灵活性和准确性，并考虑了系统规模的影响。比较了集中式大规模系统和分散式小规模系统的技术经济可行性，这两种系统都能回收增值燃料（柴油和氢气），并配有和不配有碳捕集与封存装置。不带碳捕集与封存装置的大型柴油系统反映了现实世界中的一个示范项目，而本研究中考虑的其他系统则是针对不可回收的城市塑料废物管理提出的替代方案。具体而言，城市塑料垃圾运输、基于热解的非回收城市塑料垃圾柴油和氢气生产分别使用 ArcGIS Pro 和 Aspen Plus 软件进行建模和模拟。运输和工艺建模数据被纳入成本效益分析，以计算相关开发的净现值。结果表明，只有集中式大规模柴油生产，包括碳捕集与封存和不包括碳捕集与封存，才显示出总的正净现值（分别为 22,240,135 英镑和 24,449,631 英镑），表明其经济可行性。有碳捕集与封存功能的分散式小型氢气生产系统的净现值最低（-2,391 英镑），每吨处理后的非回收城市塑料废物的净现值为-2,391 英镑。特别是，与捕获和储存二氧化碳的系统相比，利用非回收城市塑料系统生产柴油和氢气并向环境排放二氧化碳的系统具有更好的经济效益，这归因于其较高的资本和运营支出。最后，敏感性分析表明，燃料销售价格和运营支出对净现值的影响最大。
{"title":"Transportation and process modelling-assisted techno-economic assessment of resource recovery from non-recycled municipal plastic waste","authors":"Bauyrzhan Biakhmetov, Yue Li, Qunshan Zhao, Abay Dostiyarov, David Flynn, Siming You","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119273","url":null,"abstract":"Less than one-tenth of municipal plastic waste generated is mechanically recycled, resulting in the remainder ending up in incineration plants or landfills worldwide. There is limited consideration on the effects of system scales and transportation processes on the economic feasibility of municipal plastic waste treatment. In this study, a techno-economic assessment framework was developed for pyrolysis-based resource recovery from non-recycled municipal plastic waste. The framework incorporates detailed transportation and process modelling with cost-benefit analysis, which enables greater assessment flexibility and accuracy and the accounting of the effects of system scale. The techno-economic feasibility of centralized large-scale and decentralized small-scale systems that recover value-added fuels (diesel and hydrogen), with and without carbon capture and storage units, were compared. The large-scale diesel system without carbon capture and storage reflected a real-world demonstrator, while other systems considered in this study were proposed alternatives to non-recycled municipal plastic waste management. Specifically, the municipal plastic waste transportation, and pyrolysis-based diesel and hydrogen production from non-recycled municipal plastic waste were modelled and simulated using ArcGIS Pro and Aspen Plus software, respectively. The data of transportation and process modelling were feed into a cost-benefit analysis to calculate the net present values of relevant developments. It was shown that only centralized large-scale diesel production, with and without carbon capture and storage, exhibited total positive net present values (£22,240,135 and £24,449,631, respectively), indicating their economic feasibility. The decentralized small-scale hydrogen production system with carbon capture and storage yielded the lowest net present value result (−£2,391) per tonne of treated non-recycled municipal plastic waste. Particularly, the production of diesel and hydrogen from non-recycled municipal plastic systems, with carbon dioxide emissions to the environment, demonstrated better economic performance than the same systems capturing and storing carbon dioxide, attributable to its higher capital and operational expenditures. Finally, sensitivity analysis revealed that the fuel sales price and OPEX had the most significant impact on the net present values.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparative techno-economic analysis has been performed on two innovative pathways for municipal solid waste (100 t/h) thermochemical processing to substitute natural gas. The first pathway is based on updraft gasification with bottom hydrogen oxy-combustion and ashes melting, the second on autothermal chemical looping hydrogen production with Fe2O3/SiC oxygen carrier. Catalytic methanation in a series of adiabatic fixed bed reactors has been implemented and substitute natural gas quality has been evaluated based on the Italian legislation. Although the updraft gasification process shows higher substitute natural gas productivity (16.3 t/h vs 13.7 t/h), better system energy efficiency (42 % vs 35 %) and energy intensity (125 vs 141 GJ/t), the levelized cost of substitute natural gas is more competitive in the chemical looping configuration due to the lower capital expenditure. Product prices of 2.26 €/kg and 1.76 €/kg have been calculated for updraft gasification and chemical looping, respectively, assuming 8 % discount rate, 80 % capacity factor, and 90 €/MWh electricity cost. Sensitivity analyses indicate that, among other parameters, the plant capacity factor and the electric power cost have a relevant impact on the final product cost. Additionally, both pathways are shown to be economically competitive with substitute natural gas production from H2O electrolysis and CO2 capture/purchase. Finally, actions to reach competitivity with fossil natural gas for industrial uses are qualitatively discussed.
{"title":"Municipal solid waste thermochemical conversion to substitute natural gas: Comparative techno-economic analysis between updraft gasification and chemical looping","authors":"Orlando Palone, Luca Cedola, Franco Rispoli, Domenico Borello","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119294","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative techno-economic analysis has been performed on two innovative pathways for municipal solid waste (100 t/h) thermochemical processing to substitute natural gas. The first pathway is based on updraft gasification with bottom hydrogen oxy-combustion and ashes melting, the second on autothermal chemical looping hydrogen production with Fe<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>/SiC oxygen carrier. Catalytic methanation in a series of adiabatic fixed bed reactors has been implemented and substitute natural gas quality has been evaluated based on the Italian legislation. Although the updraft gasification process shows higher substitute natural gas productivity (16.3 t/h vs 13.7 t/h), better system energy efficiency (42 % vs 35 %) and energy intensity (125 vs 141 GJ/t), the levelized cost of substitute natural gas is more competitive in the chemical looping configuration due to the lower capital expenditure. Product prices of 2.26 €/kg and 1.76 €/kg have been calculated for updraft gasification and chemical looping, respectively, assuming 8 % discount rate, 80 % capacity factor, and 90 €/MWh electricity cost. Sensitivity analyses indicate that, among other parameters, the plant capacity factor and the electric power cost have a relevant impact on the final product cost. Additionally, both pathways are shown to be economically competitive with substitute natural gas production from H<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O electrolysis and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> capture/purchase. Finally, actions to reach competitivity with fossil natural gas for industrial uses are qualitatively discussed.","PeriodicalId":11664,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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