Effect of uniaxial bending methods on the flexural strength and Weibull analysis of heat-polymerized, CAD/CAM milled, and 3D-printed denture base resins

IF 6.3 1区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Dental Materials Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI:10.1016/j.dental.2024.12.015

Abdulaziz Alhotan , Hanan Al-Johani , Ahmed Altarazi , Abdullah Alshamrani , Ahmed Mahmoud Fouda

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Abstract

Objectives

To compare the flexural strength and modulus of denture base resins manufactured by conventional methods, 3-dimensional (3D) printing, and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling using 3-point bending (3PB) and 4-point bending (4PB) methods after simulated aging.

Methods

Ninety bars (64 ×10 ×3.3 mm) were prepared from heat-polymerized (Lucitone-199), CAD/CAM milled (G-CAM), and 3D-printed (Denturetec) denture base resins (n = 30 per material). After 10,000 thermal cycles, specimens were subjected to either 3-point bending (3PB) or 4-point bending (4PB) (n = 15 per method) to measure the flexural strength (σ_3PB and σ_4PB) and elastic modulus (E_3PB and E_4PB) using a universal testing machine. Weibull analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability (m) and characteristic strength (σ₀) as a function of 3PB and 4PB. Fractographic analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc and Student t-tests (α=.05).

Results

Significant effects of material type and uniaxial bending method on flexural strength and modulus were found (P < .001). Irrespective of the flexural strength measurement approach, CAD/CAM milled resins exhibited significantly higher flexural strength in both methods (σ_3PB=125.6 ± 5.2 MPa, σ_4PB=110.5 ± 4.5 MPa) and elastic modulus (E_3PB=2400 ± 120 MPa and E_4PB=2800 ± 150 MPa) compared to 3D-printed and heat-polymerized resins. Irrespective of the denture base resin manufacturing method, σ_3PB was significantly higher than σ_4PB whereas E_4PB was significantly higher than E_3PB (P < .001). Weibull analysis exhibited highest reliability for CAD/CAM resins (m=25.24 – 43.83). Considerable microscopic differences were detected.

Significance

CAD/CAM milled denture base resins exhibited superior flexural properties compared with 3D-printed and heat-polymerized resins.

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单轴弯曲方法对热聚合、CAD/CAM铣削和3d打印义齿基托树脂抗弯强度和Weibull分析的影响

目的比较常规方法、三维（3D）打印、计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）铣削3点弯曲（3PB）和4点弯曲（4PB）方法制备的义齿基托树脂在模拟老化后的抗弯强度和模量。方法采用热聚合（Lucitone-199）、CAD/CAM铣磨（G-CAM）和3d打印（Denturetec）义齿基托树脂（每种材料 = 30）制备90条（64 ×10 ×3.3 mm）。在1万次热循环后，采用3点弯曲（3PB）和4点弯曲（4PB）两种方法（每种方法n = 15），在万能试验机上测量试件的抗弯强度（σ3PB和σ4PB）和弹性模量（E3PB和E4PB）。采用威布尔分析对可靠性(m)和特征强度（σ0）作为3PB和4PB的函数进行了评价。采用扫描电镜（SEM）进行断口分析。数据分析采用双因素方差分析，随后采用Tukey事后检验和学生t检验（α= 0.05）。结果材料类型和单轴弯曲方式对抗弯强度和模量有显著影响（P <； .001）。无论挠曲强度测量方法,CAD / CAM研磨树脂表现出显著更高的抗弯强度两种方法(σ3 pb = 125.6 ±5.2  MPa,σ4 pb = 110.5 ±4.5  MPa)和弹性模量(E3PB = 2400 ±120  MPa和E4PB = 2800 ± 150 MPa)相比,3 d打印和heat-polymerized树脂。无论义齿基托树脂制作方法如何，σ3PB均显著高于σ4PB，而E4PB均显著高于E3PB （P <； .001）。威布尔分析显示CAD/CAM树脂的可靠性最高（m=25.24 - 43.83）。检测到相当大的微观差异。与3d打印树脂和热聚合树脂相比，ecad /CAM研磨义齿基托树脂具有更好的弯曲性能。

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来源期刊

Dental Materials 工程技术-材料科学：生物材料

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

10.00%

发文量

290

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Dental Materials publishes original research, review articles, and short communications. Academy of Dental Materials members click here to register for free access to Dental Materials online. The principal aim of Dental Materials is to promote rapid communication of scientific information between academia, industry, and the dental practitioner. Original Manuscripts on clinical and laboratory research of basic and applied character which focus on the properties or performance of dental materials or the reaction of host tissues to materials are given priority publication. Other acceptable topics include application technology in clinical dentistry and dental laboratory technology. Comprehensive reviews and editorial commentaries on pertinent subjects will be considered.