Chemical and natural synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for biomedical applications: a review

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the most common calcium phosphate used for biomedical applications. The properties such as size, shape, and crystalline structure of HAp depends on the different precursor materials and also various preparation methods such as dry method, wet method, and high temperature process. This review summarizes various preparation methods of HAp for biomedical applications like drug delivery, bone tissue engineering, bioimaging, and antimicrobial. The various preparation methods affects the product yield, reaction kinetics, and reaction temperature. The size, shape, and morphology of the HAp can also be tailored through various bio and chemical methods.