Paper-based biosensing using single-stranded oligonucleotide aptamers for enhanced food safety

Abstract

Paper-based aptasensors have shown great promise in food composition analysis and safety screening, emerging as a state-of-the-art method for detecting contaminants and pathogens in food products. Accurate and prompt food composition and contaminants detection is essential to avoid foodborne illnesses. The use of paper-based aptasensors, which offer on-site and reasonably priced diagnostics for analyzing food composition and identifying harmful substances, is emphasized in this review. Because single-stranded oligonucleotides have high selectivity and affinity for specific food components, contaminants, or pathogens,these sensors are used for food analysis and safety monitoring, an essential part of monitoring food safety. The latest developments in paper-based aptasensors are examined, emphasizing sensitivity, specificity, and enhancements in environmental adaptability. Recent advancements in aptamer design have enabled the detection of key food components such as allergens, toxins, and nutritional markers, alongside pathogens. Colorimetric and electrochemical techniques provide rapid, cost-effective detection, while microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (PADs) facilitate quick, on-site diagnostics. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, such as improving long-term stability, achieving ultra-low detection limits, and scaling up production for broader accessibility. This review thoroughly analyzes their advantages and limitations, analyzing the potential for widespread and sustainable applications of paper-based aptasensors in food composition analysis and safety monitoring.