Impact of the polydispersion of TiO2 materials on their particle size calculated from specific surface area results obtained during an interlaboratory comparison exercise

Abstract

In this work, four samples of TiO₂ powder materials with different structures (rutile, anatase), surface coatings and morphologies (rod, pseudo-spherical) were characterized by four partners involving complementary methods. With the aim of producing inter-laboratory reproducibility data, the specific surface-area, bulk density, and number size distribution were measured, yielding a satisfying agreement between partners. The equivalent diameter of constituent particles was determined from the sample volume specific surface area (VSSA) – accounting for polydispersion – and compared to electron microscopy (EM). Constituent particle diameters ranged from 15 to 225 nm according to EM analyses. The relative discrepancies between VSSA-based and EM-based diameters were found within ±20%. Out of the four samples under study, TiO₂ μ-rutile leads to a larger deviation, which was attributed to surface coating thanks to complementary analysis. Assuming that the sample is pure, an equivalent diameter based on the VSSA can be determined, provided that the shape of constituent particles is known or supposed.