Pub Date : 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.003
Lianfu Zhang , Ke Yang , Feiyue Liu , Lingshan Zhu , Wentao Xia , Hongjiang Wang , Xiang He , Yongqiang Hou
Determining the settling properties of flocculated suspensions is crucial in the design and optimization of thickeners. A novel method was proposed to predict the settling parameters of the Vesilind function. Such a method determines the maximum settling velocity by minimizing the difference between the predicted and measured batch settling curves. The performance of the method was compared with those of the differential evolution (DE) and Nelder-Mead (NM) algorithms. The results indicate that the method predicts the settling parameters with higher accuracy than the DE and NM algorithms do. Finally, the thickening process of flocculated tailings suspensions in batch settling tests was simulated. An increase in flocculant dosage causes an increase in compressive yield stress, leading to aggregate rarefaction. Consequently, the underflow concentration decreases at high solid fractions of suspensions as flocculant dosage increases.
确定絮凝悬浮液的沉降特性对于增稠剂的设计和优化至关重要。有人提出了一种预测 Vesilind 函数沉降参数的新方法。这种方法通过最小化预测和测量的批次沉降曲线之间的差异来确定最大沉降速度。该方法的性能与微分进化算法（DE）和 Nelder-Mead 算法（NM）进行了比较。结果表明，该方法预测沉降参数的准确度高于 DE 和 NM 算法。最后，模拟了批量沉降试验中絮凝尾矿悬浮液的浓缩过程。絮凝剂用量的增加会导致压缩屈服应力的增加，从而导致骨料稀释。因此，随着絮凝剂用量的增加，在悬浮液固含量较高时，底流浓度会降低。
{"title":"An approach to determine settling properties of flocculated tailings suspensions based on a single batch settling test","authors":"Lianfu Zhang , Ke Yang , Feiyue Liu , Lingshan Zhu , Wentao Xia , Hongjiang Wang , Xiang He , Yongqiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the settling properties of flocculated suspensions is crucial in the design and optimization of thickeners. A novel method was proposed to predict the settling parameters of the Vesilind function. Such a method determines the maximum settling velocity by minimizing the difference between the predicted and measured batch settling curves. The performance of the method was compared with those of the differential evolution (DE) and Nelder-Mead (NM) algorithms. The results indicate that the method predicts the settling parameters with higher accuracy than the DE and NM algorithms do. Finally, the thickening process of flocculated tailings suspensions in batch settling tests was simulated. An increase in flocculant dosage causes an increase in compressive yield stress, leading to aggregate rarefaction. Consequently, the underflow concentration decreases at high solid fractions of suspensions as flocculant dosage increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.001
Shaohong Wang , Ruijun Fan , Jinying Wang , Aiguo Pi
Low collateral damage munitions incorporate tens of thousands of submillimeter heavy metal particles in the shell, replacing the conventional metal shell. These munitions achieve near-field damage capabilities comparable to that of conventional munitions, while relying on the dispersion decay characteristics of the particles to control the range of damage. However, the submillimeter size of particles poses significant challenger in analyzing explosion-driven scattering. In this study, X-ray test was used to capture the scattering and dispersion state of the particle groups driven by blast load. The scattering evolution was simulated using the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with the finite element method (FEM). The extended velocity field distribution was analyzed in terms of the two-phase flow forces governing particle decay, to reveal the velocity evolution during particle group scattering and qualitatively analyze its influencing factors. Ensuring the strength of the layer structure, results indicate that lower particle content in the structural shell promotes easier expansion and rupture, enhancing the scattering ability of the particle group. The initial particle velocity is determined by the explosive energy and the mass ratio of the composite shell to the explosive (M/C). Near-field explosion dynamics involve complex interactions among shock waves, blast products, and particles groups in a multiphase medium. In contrast, far-field behavior reflects particle decay driven by air resistance, which is related to the resistance characteristic time. This study presents a method for calculating particle group velocity evolution, offering valuable insights for the engineering design and effect assessment of low collateral damage munitions.
{"title":"Controlled dispersion and velocity evolution of explosion-driven submillimeter particle groups: An experimental and numerical simulation study","authors":"Shaohong Wang , Ruijun Fan , Jinying Wang , Aiguo Pi","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low collateral damage munitions incorporate tens of thousands of submillimeter heavy metal particles in the shell, replacing the conventional metal shell. These munitions achieve near-field damage capabilities comparable to that of conventional munitions, while relying on the dispersion decay characteristics of the particles to control the range of damage. However, the submillimeter size of particles poses significant challenger in analyzing explosion-driven scattering. In this study, X-ray test was used to capture the scattering and dispersion state of the particle groups driven by blast load. The scattering evolution was simulated using the discrete element method (DEM) coupled with the finite element method (FEM). The extended velocity field distribution was analyzed in terms of the two-phase flow forces governing particle decay, to reveal the velocity evolution during particle group scattering and qualitatively analyze its influencing factors. Ensuring the strength of the layer structure, results indicate that lower particle content in the structural shell promotes easier expansion and rupture, enhancing the scattering ability of the particle group. The initial particle velocity is determined by the explosive energy and the mass ratio of the composite shell to the explosive (M/C). Near-field explosion dynamics involve complex interactions among shock waves, blast products, and particles groups in a multiphase medium. In contrast, far-field behavior reflects particle decay driven by air resistance, which is related to the resistance characteristic time. This study presents a method for calculating particle group velocity evolution, offering valuable insights for the engineering design and effect assessment of low collateral damage munitions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 232-244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-11DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.019
Van Doan Nguyen, Anh-Tuan Vu, The Vinh La
In the present paper, we facilely fabricated novel high-purity alumina particles with uniform morphology and size distribution by spray drying method. Despite the synthesized alumina's excellent physical characteristics, its interaction with dyes remains low. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, was chosen to modify the alumina surface for enhanced methylene blue (MB) removal performance. The SDS-modified alumina (SA) adsorbent properties were discovered by utilizing fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The favorable conditions for MB removal onto SA including working solution pH, SDS concentration, material dosage, adsorbate concentration, strength of ionic, and temperature were set at 60 min. The MB removal efficiency on SA reached approximately 99 % with a corresponding reaction rate of 0.05 g/(mg min). In addition, the MB adsorption isotherm was illustrated effectively using a two-step sorption model, with a calculated qmax value of 60.99 mg/g. The novel adsorbent exhibited strong adsorption affinity for both MB, Janus Green B (JGB), and Victoria Blue B (VBB). The removal mechanism of MB on SA was thoroughly conferred and supported by FT-IR analysis and zeta potential. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of SA only decreased nearly 15 % after 5 cycles, indicating that the adsorbent exhibited respectable regeneration performance. These results demonstrated that SA is a promising material for the scavenge of wastewaters containing various cationic dyes.
{"title":"Fabrication of high-purity alumina particles by spray drying and surface modification with SDS for methylene blue removal","authors":"Van Doan Nguyen, Anh-Tuan Vu, The Vinh La","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present paper, we facilely fabricated novel high-purity alumina particles with uniform morphology and size distribution by spray drying method. Despite the synthesized alumina's excellent physical characteristics, its interaction with dyes remains low. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, was chosen to modify the alumina surface for enhanced methylene blue (MB) removal performance. The SDS-modified alumina (SA) adsorbent properties were discovered by utilizing fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The favorable conditions for MB removal onto SA including working solution pH, SDS concentration, material dosage, adsorbate concentration, strength of ionic, and temperature were set at 60 min. The MB removal efficiency on SA reached approximately 99 % with a corresponding reaction rate of 0.05 g/(mg min). In addition, the MB adsorption isotherm was illustrated effectively using a two-step sorption model, with a calculated <em>q</em><sub>max</sub> value of 60.99 mg/g. The novel adsorbent exhibited strong adsorption affinity for both MB, Janus Green B (JGB), and Victoria Blue B (VBB). The removal mechanism of MB on SA was thoroughly conferred and supported by FT-IR analysis and zeta potential. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of SA only decreased nearly 15 % after 5 cycles, indicating that the adsorbent exhibited respectable regeneration performance. These results demonstrated that SA is a promising material for the scavenge of wastewaters containing various cationic dyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.017
Yayuan Zheng, Hao Lv, Xinka He, You Zhou, Cheng Gou, Huaiming Du, Ping Zhu
The application of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) in drinking water and food processing underscores the importance of its crystallization process, which significantly affects product quality and yield. In this study, the dynamic laser method was used to explore the solubility and super-solubility of NaH2PO4 in H2O-ethylene glycol (EG) binary systems of different proportions. We first applied the Apelblat, Van't Hoff, and NIBS-RK models to correlate solubility data and identified the best-fitting model. Then, the Mersmann and Barata models were used to determine the solid-liquid surface tension and crystal surface entropy factor. The Van't Hoff model calculated the molar enthalpy, entropy of dissolution, and Gibbs free energy. Experimental results showed that dissolution is endothermic and spontaneous, mainly driven by enthalpy changes, while crystallization is exothermic, providing key data for kinetics research. In the kinetics analysis, NaH2PO4 crystallization was found to be linearly correlated growth, with the logarithm of crystal particle number density positively related to particle size. Comparing the CR and ASL models, the ASL model better reflects the growth rate. The derived nucleation and growth kinetics models indicated that growth and nucleation rates are positively correlated with temperature and supersaturation ratio. During cooling crystallization, the supersaturation ratio has a greater impact on the growth rate than the nucleation rate and a more significant effect on nucleation than suspension density and stirring rate. This research offers valuable guidance for high-quality NaH2PO4 industrial production.
{"title":"On crystallization procedure of sodium dihydrogen phosphate within H2O-ethylene glycol binary system","authors":"Yayuan Zheng, Hao Lv, Xinka He, You Zhou, Cheng Gou, Huaiming Du, Ping Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>) in drinking water and food processing underscores the importance of its crystallization process, which significantly affects product quality and yield. In this study, the dynamic laser method was used to explore the solubility and super-solubility of NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> in H<sub>2</sub>O-ethylene glycol (EG) binary systems of different proportions. We first applied the Apelblat, Van't Hoff, and NIBS-RK models to correlate solubility data and identified the best-fitting model. Then, the Mersmann and Barata models were used to determine the solid-liquid surface tension and crystal surface entropy factor. The Van't Hoff model calculated the molar enthalpy, entropy of dissolution, and Gibbs free energy. Experimental results showed that dissolution is endothermic and spontaneous, mainly driven by enthalpy changes, while crystallization is exothermic, providing key data for kinetics research. In the kinetics analysis, NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> crystallization was found to be linearly correlated growth, with the logarithm of crystal particle number density positively related to particle size. Comparing the CR and ASL models, the ASL model better reflects the growth rate. The derived nucleation and growth kinetics models indicated that growth and nucleation rates are positively correlated with temperature and supersaturation ratio. During cooling crystallization, the supersaturation ratio has a greater impact on the growth rate than the nucleation rate and a more significant effect on nucleation than suspension density and stirring rate. This research offers valuable guidance for high-quality NaH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> industrial production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 245-256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-05DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.018
Behrooz Jadidi, Mohammadreza Ebrahimi, Farhad Ein-Mozaffari, Ali Lohi
This paper presents a methodology for calibrating discrete element method input parameters for simulating cohesive materials. The Plackett-Burman method was initially employed to identify the significant input parameters. Subsequently, the performances of response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and random forest (RF) models for calibration were compared. The results demonstrated that the random forest model outperformed the two other models, achieving an RMSE of 1.89, an R-squared of 94 %, and an MAE of 1.63. The ANN model followed closely, with an RMSE of 3.12, an R-squared of 89 %, and an MAE of 2.18, while the RSM model exhibited lower performance with an RMSE of 6.84, an R-squared of 86 %, and an MAE of 5.41. This study presents a framework for enhancing the accuracy of DEM simulations. Finally, the robustness and adaptability of the calibration approach were demonstrated by applying calibrated parameters from one particle size to another.
{"title":"Calibration of DEM input parameters for simulation of the cohesive materials: Comparison of response surface method and machine learning models","authors":"Behrooz Jadidi, Mohammadreza Ebrahimi, Farhad Ein-Mozaffari, Ali Lohi","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a methodology for calibrating discrete element method input parameters for simulating cohesive materials. The Plackett-Burman method was initially employed to identify the significant input parameters. Subsequently, the performances of response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and random forest (RF) models for calibration were compared. The results demonstrated that the random forest model outperformed the two other models, achieving an RMSE of 1.89, an R-squared of 94 %, and an MAE of 1.63. The ANN model followed closely, with an RMSE of 3.12, an R-squared of 89 %, and an MAE of 2.18, while the RSM model exhibited lower performance with an RMSE of 6.84, an R-squared of 86 %, and an MAE of 5.41. This study presents a framework for enhancing the accuracy of DEM simulations. Finally, the robustness and adaptability of the calibration approach were demonstrated by applying calibrated parameters from one particle size to another.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 214-231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.016
Tamseela Habib , Muhammad Amjad , Mohamed Edokali , Shahid Imran , Zahid Anwar , Muhammad Asim , Ali Hassanpour
Multiphase flow and heat transfer processes are involved in various applications, such as water desalination, sterilisation, and power generation. Environmentally friendly and sustainable system operation can be ensured through the utilisation of renewable energy resources. Furthermore, the thermal efficiency of these systems can be enhanced by using nanofluids. This study reports an experimental investigation of the photothermal conversion properties of polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalised Copper oxide (CuO) nano particles used in Lithium Bromide (LiBr) salt solutions. The nano particles were characterised by the dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer. The long-term stability of the prepared nanofluid was evaluated using a high-speed centrifuge analyser. The instability index of 0.071 ± 0.002 indicated low agglomeration and sedimentation tendencies. Photothermal conversion efficiency for different concentrations of CuO was experimentally investigated under a solar simulator. The experiments were conducted with nanofluids containing 55 wt% of LiBr and PEI functionalised nanoparticles, with loading ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 wt%. The addition of nanoparticles resulted in an increase in surface temperature, up to 90.69 ± 2.7 % higher than the base case tested with deionised water (DIW). Experimental results further confirms that the nanofluid tested in this study has the potential to significantly increase solar energy trapping efficiency and evaporation rate due to a localised solar energy harvesting by the surface of nanofluid. It was found that a 0.1 wt% CuO NP concentration is the optimum nanofluid concentration in terms of stability for enhanced sensible and latent heat efficiencies.
{"title":"Enhanced solar absorption and steam generation in lithium bromide-based modified copper oxide nanofluids under simulated solar flux","authors":"Tamseela Habib , Muhammad Amjad , Mohamed Edokali , Shahid Imran , Zahid Anwar , Muhammad Asim , Ali Hassanpour","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiphase flow and heat transfer processes are involved in various applications, such as water desalination, sterilisation, and power generation. Environmentally friendly and sustainable system operation can be ensured through the utilisation of renewable energy resources. Furthermore, the thermal efficiency of these systems can be enhanced by using nanofluids. This study reports an experimental investigation of the photothermal conversion properties of polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalised Copper oxide (CuO) nano particles used in Lithium Bromide (LiBr) salt solutions. The nano particles were characterised by the dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer. The long-term stability of the prepared nanofluid was evaluated using a high-speed centrifuge analyser. The instability index of 0.071 ± 0.002 indicated low agglomeration and sedimentation tendencies. Photothermal conversion efficiency for different concentrations of CuO was experimentally investigated under a solar simulator. The experiments were conducted with nanofluids containing 55 wt% of LiBr and PEI functionalised nanoparticles, with loading ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 wt%. The addition of nanoparticles resulted in an increase in surface temperature, up to 90.69 ± 2.7 % higher than the base case tested with deionised water (DIW). Experimental results further confirms that the nanofluid tested in this study has the potential to significantly increase solar energy trapping efficiency and evaporation rate due to a localised solar energy harvesting by the surface of nanofluid. It was found that a 0.1 wt% CuO NP concentration is the optimum nanofluid concentration in terms of stability for enhanced sensible and latent heat efficiencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"102 ","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.014
Runru Zhu , Yun Huang
This paper aims to report the evolution characteristics of the coarse ash particles generated from the co-incineration of municipal solid waste with other wastes, e.g. sewage sludge, to suggest suitable operational strategies to handle the side effects. By using an evolution model which addresses the mechanism of char combustion, volatile-induced fragmentation, and the transformation of included and excluded minerals particles, the coarse ash particle evolution process in the waste incinerator is successfully predicted. By comparing with in-situ measurement data of a 200 t/d forward grate MSW incinerator, the predicted total particle concentration is 275.7 mg/Nm3, and the relative difference is about 4.2 %. Although the variation in flue gas parameters has little effect on the distribution characteristics of coarse ash particles from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), the carbon content of coarse ash particles is more sensitive to flue parameter change. Due to the tight relationship between the PCDD/Fs and the carbon content of ash particles under the mechanism of the de novo synthesis, the increase in carbon concentration caused by the co-incineration of low-calorific value waste will increase the probability of the PCDD/Fs formation.
{"title":"Effect of co-incineration of sludge with MSW: Evolution characteristics of coarse ash particles and associated de novo synthesis of dioxin","authors":"Runru Zhu , Yun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to report the evolution characteristics of the coarse ash particles generated from the co-incineration of municipal solid waste with other wastes, e.g. sewage sludge, to suggest suitable operational strategies to handle the side effects. By using an evolution model which addresses the mechanism of char combustion, volatile-induced fragmentation, and the transformation of included and excluded minerals particles, the coarse ash particle evolution process in the waste incinerator is successfully predicted. By comparing with in-situ measurement data of a 200 t/d forward grate MSW incinerator, the predicted total particle concentration is 275.7 mg/Nm<sup>3</sup>, and the relative difference is about 4.2 %. Although the variation in flue gas parameters has little effect on the distribution characteristics of coarse ash particles from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), the carbon content of coarse ash particles is more sensitive to flue parameter change. Due to the tight relationship between the PCDD/Fs and the carbon content of ash particles under the mechanism of the <em>de novo synthesis</em>, the increase in carbon concentration caused by the co-incineration of low-calorific value waste will increase the probability of the PCDD/Fs formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.013
Zhi-Jun Jiang , Zhen-Hui Luo , Jia-Xin Guo , Yun-Fei Du , Feng Jiang , Nai-Lu Shen , Tao Wang , Xu Liu , Jie Huang , Wen-Han Chen , Yang Zhou , Zhiyang Lyu , Xin Shen , Xin-Bing Cheng , Yuping Wu
The quest for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries has led to the widespread adoption of silicon anodes, yet their safety, particularly regarding thermal runaway, remains a critical concern. Herein, the thermal safety overview of silicon-carbon anode is conducted to identify the determinants of materials reactivity and heat generation sources. In the hierarchical silicon-carbon anode, surface floating silicon without carbon protection is a serious hazard affecting the thermal safety, exhibiting a 77 % increase in heat release at 100 % state of charge. When the pouch cells with floating silicon are conducted in the test of accelerating rate calorimeter, the maximum temperature can be 875.2 °C (532.1 °C for samples without floating silicon). In addition, the thermal safety of graphite anodes blending with different ratios of silicon-carbon electrode are also explored, confirming the potential safety risks of high-silicon-content lithium-ion batteries. This work presents comprehensive understandings on the thermal features of the high-capacity silicon-carbon anode, which is pivotal for enhancing the safety of next-generation silicon-based high-energy-density batteries.
{"title":"Thermal safety overview of silicon-carbon anode in lithium-ion batteries: Key parameters in determining the reactivity","authors":"Zhi-Jun Jiang , Zhen-Hui Luo , Jia-Xin Guo , Yun-Fei Du , Feng Jiang , Nai-Lu Shen , Tao Wang , Xu Liu , Jie Huang , Wen-Han Chen , Yang Zhou , Zhiyang Lyu , Xin Shen , Xin-Bing Cheng , Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries has led to the widespread adoption of silicon anodes, yet their safety, particularly regarding thermal runaway, remains a critical concern. Herein, the thermal safety overview of silicon-carbon anode is conducted to identify the determinants of materials reactivity and heat generation sources. In the hierarchical silicon-carbon anode, surface floating silicon without carbon protection is a serious hazard affecting the thermal safety, exhibiting a 77 % increase in heat release at 100 % state of charge. When the pouch cells with floating silicon are conducted in the test of accelerating rate calorimeter, the maximum temperature can be 875.2 °C (532.1 °C for samples without floating silicon). In addition, the thermal safety of graphite anodes blending with different ratios of silicon-carbon electrode are also explored, confirming the potential safety risks of high-silicon-content lithium-ion batteries. This work presents comprehensive understandings on the thermal features of the high-capacity silicon-carbon anode, which is pivotal for enhancing the safety of next-generation silicon-based high-energy-density batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 178-185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.015
Shuyu Li , Di Wu , Hui Yu , Xin Huang , Na Wang , Ting Wang , Hongxun Hao
In this work, API nanoscale drugs loaded onto solid lipid microspheres (ND@SLMs) were successfully prepared by combining in-situ crystallization technology and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). This method is characterized by its low energy consumption and the absence of a requirement for high concentrations of surfactants. Tristearin (SSS) was used as the drug carriers, and fenofibrate (FEN) was used as API to verify the feasibility of this method. Characterization was performed using SEM, PXRD, and DSC, while in-situ Raman and EasyViewer enabled real-time monitoring of the particle formation process. The results show that the obtained Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) nanoscale crystals exhibited uniform distribution in the solid lipid carrier and enhanced release rates compared to the bulk ingredients. API droplets prepared by LLPS adhered to the surface of the FEN + SSS droplets played the role of dispersant. Response surface analysis was employed to analyze the independent variables and their interactions, and the optimum value of the processing parameters was obtained. Finally, the expandability of this method to other hydrophobic drugs was verified by ibuprofen (IBU).
{"title":"A novel energy-efficient way to prepare solid lipid microspheres loaded with nanoscale drugs by combining LLPS and in-situ crystallization","authors":"Shuyu Li , Di Wu , Hui Yu , Xin Huang , Na Wang , Ting Wang , Hongxun Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, API nanoscale drugs loaded onto solid lipid microspheres (ND@SLMs) were successfully prepared by combining in-situ crystallization technology and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). This method is characterized by its low energy consumption and the absence of a requirement for high concentrations of surfactants. Tristearin (SSS) was used as the drug carriers, and fenofibrate (FEN) was used as API to verify the feasibility of this method. Characterization was performed using SEM, PXRD, and DSC, while in-situ Raman and EasyViewer enabled real-time monitoring of the particle formation process. The results show that the obtained Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) nanoscale crystals exhibited uniform distribution in the solid lipid carrier and enhanced release rates compared to the bulk ingredients. API droplets prepared by LLPS adhered to the surface of the FEN + SSS droplets played the role of dispersant. Response surface analysis was employed to analyze the independent variables and their interactions, and the optimum value of the processing parameters was obtained. Finally, the expandability of this method to other hydrophobic drugs was verified by ibuprofen (IBU).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 128-139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.012
Chenlong Wang , Tao Wang , Kai Wan , Jinyi Lv , Jin Sun , Xinyan Zhang , Yingping Pang , Xiqiang Zhao , Yanpeng Mao , Zhanlong Song , Ziliang Wang , Huimin Yun , Wenlong Wang
Valorization of organic solid waste (OSW) is a promising avenue for the production of value-added products and renewable energy sources. This paper offers an exhaustive review of the thermochemical conversion processes in spouted bed reactors, which yield products like biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, as well as energy forms such as heat and electricity. While numerous studies have been conducted on thermoconversion in spouted beds, there is a scarcity of systematic reviews on this topic. This paper underscores the importance of spouted beds in torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, drawing on both experimental and simulation perspectives. By focusing on reactor design, reaction condition optimization, and catalyst enhancement, OSW can be more efficiently transformed into valuable products and bioenergy. Furthermore, the integration of simulation and modeling offers profound insights into the intricate reactions that occur during thermal conversion. Current simulation studies in spouted bed reactors are primarily centered around reaction kinetics, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, the Multiphase Particle-In-Cell (MP-PIC) approach, and process simulation. The future integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is anticipated to enhance parameter optimization with greater precision and facilitate industrial scale-up. The paper concludes with a synthesis and contemplation of the prospective advancements in spouted bed technology.
{"title":"Thermoconversion of organic solid waste in a spouted bed reactor: A review","authors":"Chenlong Wang , Tao Wang , Kai Wan , Jinyi Lv , Jin Sun , Xinyan Zhang , Yingping Pang , Xiqiang Zhao , Yanpeng Mao , Zhanlong Song , Ziliang Wang , Huimin Yun , Wenlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Valorization of organic solid waste (OSW) is a promising avenue for the production of value-added products and renewable energy sources. This paper offers an exhaustive review of the thermochemical conversion processes in spouted bed reactors, which yield products like biochar, bio-oil, and syngas, as well as energy forms such as heat and electricity. While numerous studies have been conducted on thermoconversion in spouted beds, there is a scarcity of systematic reviews on this topic. This paper underscores the importance of spouted beds in torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, drawing on both experimental and simulation perspectives. By focusing on reactor design, reaction condition optimization, and catalyst enhancement, OSW can be more efficiently transformed into valuable products and bioenergy. Furthermore, the integration of simulation and modeling offers profound insights into the intricate reactions that occur during thermal conversion. Current simulation studies in spouted bed reactors are primarily centered around reaction kinetics, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling, the Multiphase Particle-In-Cell (MP-PIC) approach, and process simulation. The future integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is anticipated to enhance parameter optimization with greater precision and facilitate industrial scale-up. The paper concludes with a synthesis and contemplation of the prospective advancements in spouted bed technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":401,"journal":{"name":"Particuology","volume":"100 ","pages":"Pages 140-156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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