Hybrid fractal antenna design for UWB applications inspired by Giuseppe Peano and Sierpinski Carpet

Abstract

This manuscript serves to introduce an ultra-wideband fractal antenna, which combines the Sierpinski carpet and Giuseppe Peano fractal structures along with a new developed ground geometry, intentionally created for ultra-wideband applications. The High Frequency Structure Simulator HFSS was employed to conduct a deep analysis on the suggested antenna, which is compact in size measuring \(30\times 30\times 1.6~\textrm{mm}^{3}\). The proposed design can be employed for various purposes such as ultra-wideband applications, sub-6GHz 5 G applications, WIMAX, WLAN, C-Band, and X-Band for satellite communication, etc. The proposed fractal-based antenna has been carefully optimized through parametric study to function effectively across a frequency range spanning from 3.32 to 11.96 GHz and a maximum gain of 5.6 dB. To confirm the simulation outcomes and the operational bandwidth, The suggested fractal antenna prototype was fabricated utilizing the cost-effective FR4 substrate. The experimental and simulation results have shown a good concordance, which provides substantial evidence on the validity of the proposed design. Due to its wide impedance bandwidth good radiation performance and small footprint, the suggested antenna is highly recommended and considered as a good choice for ultra-wide band communication and other wireless applications.