Impact of 68Ga-FAPi PET/CT on Staging or Restaging Digestive System Tumors in Patients with Negative or Equivocal 18F-FDG PET/CT Findings.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of ⁶⁸Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPi) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting, staging, and restaging digestive system malignancies that are ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) negative or show equivocal ¹⁸F-FDG uptake.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 30 patients with pathologically confirmed primary tumors or metastases of the digestive system. Participants underwent ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging or restaging purposes within the same week. The efficacy of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT was assessed by comparing its ability to detect lesions and influence disease staging with that of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.

Results: ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT imaging was performed in 30 patients with ¹⁸F-FDG-negative or indeterminate lesions. Of the 30 patients, 23 had gastric cancer and 7 had colorectal cancer. Among all patients, histopathological diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma was present in 15 (50%) patients. Primary tumor or local recurrence was detected in 19 (63%) patients, lymph node metastasis in 8 (27%) patients, visceral metastasis in 4 (13%) patients, peritoneal metastasis in 14 (47%) patients, and bone metastasis in 3 (10%) patients on ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT images. All patients underwent histopathological confirmation on ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT images. The disease stage was upgraded in 20 patients (67%) after ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT imaging. Of the 20 patients, 12 had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis on ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.

Conclusion: Based on our study, ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT alters the disease stage in the majority of gastrointestinal malignancies with negative or equivocal ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT findings. ⁶⁸Ga-FAPi PET/CT appears to be effective in both staging and restaging of gastrointestinal malignancies, such as signet-ring cell carcinomas of the stomach that frequently show low ¹⁸F-FDG -avidity.