Telemedicine to improve access to medications for opioid use disorder in Illinois, 2022–2024

Abstract

Background

Globally, opioid use remains a major public health problem. In 2019, 480,000 deaths were related to opioid use. Locally, mortality from opioid-involved overdose is high among Illinois residents, with 83 % of ∼4000 overdose deaths during 2022 involving opioids. Treatment for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone is approved, safe, and effective. However, significant barriers to treatment remain for many persons.

Methods

In response to new prescribing policy flexibilities, in May 2022, the Chicago Department of Public Health and the Substance Use Prevention and Recovery Division of the Illinois Department of Human Services partnered with a statewide opioid treatment provider, Family Guidance Centers. The partnership started an immediate opioid use disorder treatment helpline program. We performed a descriptive analysis using aggregate data from all calls for assistance with substance use received by the Illinois Helpline during May 9, 2022–March 7, 2024.

Results

A total of 2649 unique calls were made to the helpline from persons seeking assistance with substance use, and 1698 unique callers were connected to Family Guidance Centers for treatment initiation. Most callers were prescribed buprenorphine by telemedicine, followed by methadone during in-person treatment. In total, 1515 (89.2 %) of 1698 callers with opioid use disorder were initiated on buprenorphine or methadone through the program.

Conclusion

A state-wide low-barrier access to medications by telemedicine program is an effective treatment model for the initiation of medications for opioid use disorder.