Trends in nanobody technology in industrialization

IF 5.5 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nanoscale Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1186/s11671-025-04200-2

Yuhao Wu

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Abstract

Antibodies, which are important research entities in the field of biopharmaceuticals, hold a key position in the global pharmaceutical market. Nanobodies [a single-domain antibody (VHH)] have gradually shown unique advantages due to their specificity, small molecule size, high affinity, good stability, flexible delivery routes, and fast tissue penetration. The importance of nanobodies in the imaging, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, especially tumors and autoimmune diseases, is increasing. This review addresses key technological hurdles, such as humanization, immunogenicity, and production scalability, and highlights novel strategies to overcome these challenges, including PEGylation, fusion with long-lived serum proteins, and advanced microbial expression systems. This review summarizes the characteristics, production, and industrialization of nanobodies, including nanobody-derived patents and clinical trials, from 2014 to 2023. Finally, the review explores some challenges associated with nanobody technology in biopharmaceuticals, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic tools and potential solutions.

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来源期刊

Nanoscale Research Letters 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

0.00%

发文量

110

审稿时长

48 days

期刊介绍： Nanoscale Research Letters (NRL) provides an interdisciplinary forum for communication of scientific and technological advances in the creation and use of objects at the nanometer scale. NRL is the first nanotechnology journal from a major publisher to be published with Open Access.