A practical guide to transcranial ultrasonic stimulation from the IFCN-endorsed ITRUSST consortium

IF 3.6 3区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Clinical Neurophysiology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-28 DOI:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.01.004

Keith R. Murphy , Tulika Nandi , Benjamin Kop , Takahiro Osada , Maximilian Lueckel , W. Apoutou N’Djin , Kevin A. Caulfield , Anton Fomenko , Hartwig R. Siebner , Yoshikazu Ugawa , Lennart Verhagen , Sven Bestmann , Eleanor Martin , Kim Butts Pauly , Elsa Fouragnan , Til Ole Bergmann

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Abstract

Low-intensity Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation (TUS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique enabling cortical and deep brain targeting with unprecedented spatial accuracy. Given the high rate of adoption by new users with varying levels of expertise and interdisciplinary backgrounds, practical guidelines are needed to ensure state-of-the-art TUS application and reproducible outcomes. Therefore, the International Transcranial Ultrasonic Stimulation Safety and Standards (ITRUSST) consortium has formed a subcommittee, endorsed by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN), to develop recommendations for best practices in human TUS applications. The practical guide presented here provides a brief introduction into ultrasound physics and sonication parameters. It explains the requirements of TUS lab equipment and transducer selection and discusses experimental design and procedures alongside potential confounds and control conditions. Finally, the guide elaborates on essential steps of application planning for stimulation safety and efficacy, as well as considerations when combining TUS with neuroimaging, electrophysiology, or other brain stimulation techniques. We hope that this practical guide to TUS will assist both novice and experienced users in planning and conducting high-quality studies and provide a solid foundation for further advancements in this promising field.

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经颅超声刺激的实用指南来自ifcn认可的ITRUSST联盟

低强度经颅超声刺激（TUS）是一种非侵入性脑刺激技术，能够以前所未有的空间精度瞄准大脑皮层和深部。鉴于具有不同专业知识水平和跨学科背景的新用户的高采用率，需要制定实用指南，以确保最先进的TUS应用和可重复的结果。因此，国际经颅超声刺激安全和标准（ITRUSST）联盟已经成立了一个小组委员会，由国际临床神经生理学联合会（IFCN）批准，以制定人类超声刺激应用的最佳实践建议。本实用指南简要介绍了超声物理和超声参数。它解释了TUS实验室设备和传感器选择的要求，并讨论了实验设计和程序以及潜在的混淆和控制条件。最后，该指南详细阐述了刺激安全性和有效性的应用计划的基本步骤，以及将TUS与神经成像，电生理学或其他脑刺激技术相结合时的注意事项。我们希望这份实用指南能够帮助新手和有经验的用户规划和开展高质量的研究，并为这一有前途的领域的进一步发展提供坚实的基础。

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来源期刊

Clinical Neurophysiology 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

6.40%

发文量

932

审稿时长

59 days

期刊介绍： As of January 1999, The journal Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, and its two sections Electromyography and Motor Control and Evoked Potentials have amalgamated to become this journal - Clinical Neurophysiology. Clinical Neurophysiology is the official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Brazilian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Czech Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Italian Clinical Neurophysiology Society and the International Society of Intraoperative Neurophysiology.The journal is dedicated to fostering research and disseminating information on all aspects of both normal and abnormal functioning of the nervous system. The key aim of the publication is to disseminate scholarly reports on the pathophysiology underlying diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system of human patients. Clinical trials that use neurophysiological measures to document change are encouraged, as are manuscripts reporting data on integrated neuroimaging of central nervous function including, but not limited to, functional MRI, MEG, EEG, PET and other neuroimaging modalities.