Recent advances in 1D and 2D liquid-phase and solid-state NMR studies of biofuel

Abstract

Present review focuses on the most recent and most significant results (the interim of 2019–2023) in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of biofuel. Collected and discussed here are the most recent applications of ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy to the structural studies and practical recommendations including the unique findings and breakthroughs within this period and providing a summary of new insights and advances in this field. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy plays an increasingly important role in structural studies and practical recommendations in the field of biofuel and biodiesel chemistry and technology. In general, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in liquid phase and solid state is a powerful method used to characterize molecular structure of biofuel and to analyze and quantify its molecular composition. In particular, NMR is used to identify and quantify the components of biodiesel and biofuels after transesterification, purification and during storage. It is widely applied to characterize and assign molecular structure of biodiesel samples and to identify and quantify different molecular moieties.