Effects of environmental factors and genotype on performance, soil physicochemical properties and endophytic fungi of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Abstract

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is a widely planted perennial medicinal herb, and screening excellent genotype resources and suitable cultivation areas is an effective way to enhance its quality and quantity. Here, the effects of environmental conditions and genotypes on plant performance, root endophytic fungi, and soil physicochemical properties were evaluated by collecting plant and rhizosphere soil samples from four regions (Beijing, Henan, Shandong, and Sichuan) and four genotypes (Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4). The results indicated that different genotypes of S. miltiorrhiza from different regions showed heterogeneity in various indicators. Each genotype showed specific growth performances to geographic locations, and the peak of lipid- and water-soluble medicinal ingredient contents occurred in the summer or winter due to different genotypes. In addition, the distribution of root endophytic fungi in each genotype depended on season and site environment. Variation partitioning analysis showed that medicinal ingredients and endophytic fungal isolation rates were primarily influenced by climatic factors, whereas plant growth indicators were mainly influenced by the interaction of climatic factors, growth period, and soil factors. Correlation analysis and SEM indicated that soil pH, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting plant performance and medicinal ingredients. Based on growth indicators, Z3 was suitable for planting in Shandong, whereas Z4 was suitable for planting in Sichuan. Based on medicinal ingredients, all genotypes were suitable for cultivation in Beijing. These results not only help to comprehend the ecological adaptability of different genotypes of S. miltiorrhiza but also have guiding significance for regional cultivation.