Unlocking Naringin's Potential: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Its Nephroprotective Effects in Pre-Clinical Models

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate and summarize the therapeutic effects of naringin on various kidney diseases, based on preclinical research. A comprehensive literature search was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar, concentrating on the impact of naringin in different experimental animal models of kidney disease. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 studies were chosen for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that naringin treatment significantly improved body weight gain and markers of kidney function, as evidenced by decreased serum urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Additionally, naringin treatment normalized antioxidant parameters, restored enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase, and alleviated oxidative stress markers, comprising myeloperoxidase and reactive oxygen species. Besides, naringin also alleviated inflammation as indicated by reduced levels of markers such as NF-κB, IL-6, KIM-1, COX-2, and TNF-α. Furthermore, it regulated apoptosis by decreasing the Bax, caspase-3, and p53 levels while increasing Bcl-2. In summary, the meta-analysis demonstrated that naringin significantly mitigates nephrotoxicity induced by oxidative stress, chemotherapy, drugs, and chemicals. This nephroprotective effect is mediated through a combination of several mechanisms, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic pathways. These cellular and molecular improvements were associated with enhanced kidney structure, function, and overall physiology following naringin treatment. Overall, this systematic review and meta-analysis provide strong scientific evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of naringin in managing kidney diseases.