Cognitive Outcomes of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of Apomorphine and Levodopa–Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Therapies

IF 4.5 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY European Journal of Neurology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI:10.1111/ene.70077

Chiara Longo, Costanza Papagno

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Parkinson's disease (PD) treatments, such as apomorphine (APO) and levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), represent advanced therapeutic options for managing motor symptoms. However, clear selection criteria and well-defined cognitive outcomes are lacking. This systematic review specifically aimed to address these gaps by assessing the cognitive impact of APO and LCIG in PD patients.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Two authors screened studies based on key inclusion criteria, including at least two cognitive tests, and a follow-up of 6 months or more. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results

Fifteen studies were identified (7 APO and 8 LCIG). APO generally preserved cognitive function over a 12-month follow-up, with some decreases in visuospatial memory and executive functions. LCIG, with a 28-month follow-up, showed more extensive cognitive decline, particularly in patients with pre-existing impairments. Variability in cognitive tests made direct comparisons difficult.

Discussion

APO may have a more favorable cognitive profile than LCIG. However, differences in follow-up duration, moderate risk of bias, and inconsistent cognitive assessments warrant cautious interpretation. Improved patient selection and comprehensive cognitive evaluations are recommended for future practice.

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来源期刊

European Journal of Neurology 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

2.00%

发文量

418

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Neurology is the official journal of the European Academy of Neurology and covers all areas of clinical and basic research in neurology, including pre-clinical research of immediate translational value for new potential treatments. Emphasis is placed on major diseases of large clinical and socio-economic importance (dementia, stroke, epilepsy, headache, multiple sclerosis, movement disorders, and infectious diseases).