Do the differing vaping and smoking trends in Australia and New Zealand reflect different regulatory policies?

IF 5.3 1区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Addiction Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI:10.1111/add.70006

Colin Paul Mendelsohn, Robert Beaglehole, Ron Borland, Wayne Hall, Alex Wodak, Ben Youdan, Gary Chung Kai Chan

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Comparing regulatory models for nicotine vaping products in different countries can provide insights into the most effective regulatory approach but can be confounded by cross-national differences. This study compared two neighbouring countries with very different vaping regulatory models but with similar tobacco control policies and population demographics. Australia has a highly restrictive, prescription-only vaping policy, while New Zealand adopted a regulated consumer model.

Methods

This study compared trends in daily smoking and vaping among adults and youth from 2016 to 2023 in Australia (adults ≥14 years and ≥15 years; youth 12–17 years) and New Zealand (adults ≥15 years, youth 14–15 years), using published statistics from large nationally representative surveys.

Results

Between 2016 and 2023, the decrease in adult daily smoking in New Zealand (from 14.5% to 6.8%) was larger than in Australia (from 12.2% to 8.3%) by a factor of 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43, 0.93]. However, the increase in adult vaping in New Zealand (from 0.9% to 9.7%) was larger than in Australia (0.5% to 3.5%) by a factor of 0.56 (95% CI = 0.17, 1.02). The largest smoking reductions in both countries were in young adults, who also reported the highest vaping rates. There was a more rapid decline in smoking in the lower socioeconomic groups and Indigenous people in New Zealand than in Australia. Youth smoking rates declined in both countries to very low levels. Youth vaping rates in New Zealand were higher but have started to decline since regulations were introduced.

Conclusions

If the association is causal, New Zealand's less restrictive approach to vaping (compared with Australia's more restrictive approach) may have contributed to a more rapid decline in adult smoking, and reduced social inequalities and Indigenous smoking, but at the possible expense of increased youth vaping.

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澳大利亚和新西兰不同的电子烟和吸烟趋势是否反映了不同的监管政策？

背景和目的：比较不同国家对尼古丁电子烟产品的监管模式，可以了解最有效的监管方法，但可能会受到跨国差异的影响。这项研究比较了两个邻国，这两个国家的电子烟监管模式非常不同，但烟草控制政策和人口统计数据相似。澳大利亚的电子烟政策非常严格，只有处方才能使用，而新西兰则采用了受监管的消费者模式。方法：本研究比较了2016年至2023年澳大利亚成人和青少年每日吸烟和电子烟的趋势(成人≥14岁和≥15岁；青少年12-17岁)和新西兰（成人≥15岁，青少年14-15岁），使用大型全国代表性调查公布的统计数据。结果：2016年至2023年间，新西兰成人每日吸烟率的下降（从14.5%降至6.8%）大于澳大利亚（从12.2%降至8.3%），降幅为0.67倍[95%置信区间(CI) = 0.43, 0.93]。然而，新西兰成人吸电子烟的比例（从0.9%增加到9.7%）比澳大利亚（从0.5%增加到3.5%）高出0.56倍（95% CI = 0.17, 1.02）。两国年轻人的吸烟率下降幅度最大，他们的吸烟率也最高。与澳大利亚相比，新西兰社会经济地位较低的群体和土著居民的吸烟率下降得更快。两国青少年吸烟率均降至非常低的水平。新西兰青少年吸电子烟的比例较高，但自出台相关规定以来，已经开始下降。结论：如果这种联系是因果关系，新西兰对电子烟的限制较少（与澳大利亚更严格的限制相比）可能有助于更快地减少成人吸烟，减少社会不平等和土著吸烟，但可能以增加青少年电子烟为代价。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Addiction 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

10.80

自引率

6.70%

发文量

319

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： Addiction publishes peer-reviewed research reports on pharmacological and behavioural addictions, bringing together research conducted within many different disciplines. Its goal is to serve international and interdisciplinary scientific and clinical communication, to strengthen links between science and policy, and to stimulate and enhance the quality of debate. We seek submissions that are not only technically competent but are also original and contain information or ideas of fresh interest to our international readership. We seek to serve low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries as well as more economically developed countries. Addiction’s scope spans human experimental, epidemiological, social science, historical, clinical and policy research relating to addiction, primarily but not exclusively in the areas of psychoactive substance use and/or gambling. In addition to original research, the journal features editorials, commentaries, reviews, letters, and book reviews.