{"title":"Dosage compensation of sex chromosomes in animals.","authors":"Xiao-Shu Chen, Jia-Bi Chen","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-165","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The origin and evolution of sex chromosomes have long been a focus of research in biology. Two of the most studied systems are the XY system and the ZW system. Due to Y/W degeneration, heterozygous (XY/ZW) sex-linked genes are absent and their dosage is reduced when compared to autosomal genes and homozygous (XX/ZZ) sex-linked genes, creating an issue of dosage imbalance between sex chromosomes and autosomes. Multiple evolutionary models have been proposed to explain the evolutionary mechanism of dosage compensation that might resolve such dosage imbalance. In this review, we summarize the findings related to the dosage effect of sex chromosomes from a variety of perspectives, including transcriptomes, proteomes, haploid cells, and single cells. In addition, a summary of the dosage effect of sex chromosomes in major phylogenetic branches of multiple species is provided. Finally, we approved an overview of the related theoretical models and future research directions at the end of this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 2","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"遗传","FirstCategoryId":"1091","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-165","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The origin and evolution of sex chromosomes have long been a focus of research in biology. Two of the most studied systems are the XY system and the ZW system. Due to Y/W degeneration, heterozygous (XY/ZW) sex-linked genes are absent and their dosage is reduced when compared to autosomal genes and homozygous (XX/ZZ) sex-linked genes, creating an issue of dosage imbalance between sex chromosomes and autosomes. Multiple evolutionary models have been proposed to explain the evolutionary mechanism of dosage compensation that might resolve such dosage imbalance. In this review, we summarize the findings related to the dosage effect of sex chromosomes from a variety of perspectives, including transcriptomes, proteomes, haploid cells, and single cells. In addition, a summary of the dosage effect of sex chromosomes in major phylogenetic branches of multiple species is provided. Finally, we approved an overview of the related theoretical models and future research directions at the end of this paper.
期刊介绍：
Hereditas is a national academic journal sponsored by the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Society of Genetics and published by Science Press. It is a Chinese core journal and a Chinese high-quality scientific journal. The journal mainly publishes innovative research papers in the fields of genetics, genomics, cell biology, developmental biology, biological evolution, genetic engineering and biotechnology; new technologies and new methods; monographs and reviews on hot issues in the discipline; academic debates and discussions; experience in genetics teaching; introductions to famous geneticists at home and abroad; genetic counseling; information on academic conferences at home and abroad, etc. Main columns: review, frontier focus, research report, technology and method, resources and platform, experimental operation guide, genetic resources, genetics teaching, scientific news, etc.
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