Synthesis and characterization of SnS2 nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical sensing applications

Abstract

This study presents a straightforward, cost-effective method for synthesizing Tin Sulfide (SnS₂) nanoparticles using magnetic stirring. The prepared SnS₂ was analyzed using XRD, FESEM, EDAX, UV–Vis, FTIR, XPS, HRTEM, and SAED analysis. The photodegradation of Methyl Violet (MV) dye achieved a 93.8 % decolourization rate within 120 min, following first-order kinetic reaction rates. The half-life (t1/2) was determined to be 31.18 min, and the stability of the photocatalyst was evaluated under different pH conditions. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) studies were performed using a carbon paste electrode in 2 M KOH, revealing a low electrochemical value and proton diffusion coefficient for SnS₂, indicating good redox behaviour with a C_sp of approximately 158 F/g. The electrochemical sensing of urea demonstrated excellent performance with the SnS₂ electrode. Additionally, the sensor's pH response was investigated under three different pH conditions, showing remarkable urea sensing capabilities influenced by pH and electrolyte environment.