Synthesis of quaternary malononitriles with an aryl substituent is of great importance because these scaffolds serve as essential intermediates in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. This study presents an efficient method for the laccase-catalyzed arylation of 2-substituted malononitrile derivatives by oxidation of catechols using aerial oxygen as the oxidant, followed by the nucleophilic addition of 2-substituted malononitriles. The process achieves yields ranging from moderate to excellent (73–97 %), and also, it was associated with a slight decrease in efficiency in higher scales.
{"title":"Laccase cataylzed synthesis of quaternary malononitriles with an aryl substituent","authors":"Parisa Amani, Mansour Shahedi, Elaheh Rezaei, Zohreh Habibi","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthesis of quaternary malononitriles with an aryl substituent is of great importance because these scaffolds serve as essential intermediates in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. This study presents an efficient method for the laccase-catalyzed arylation of 2-substituted malononitrile derivatives by oxidation of catechols using aerial oxygen as the oxidant, followed by the nucleophilic addition of 2-substituted malononitriles. The process achieves yields ranging from moderate to excellent (73–97 %), and also, it was associated with a slight decrease in efficiency in higher scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100065
Satyaranjan Behera
Nanomaterials have piqued researchers' interest in various fields due to their extraordinary advantages, which include a large surface area. The use of nanomaterials in catalysis is a hot issue for researchers. Catalysis plays a vital role in the synthesis of medicinal as well as pharmaceutical compounds. Pharmaceutical chemicals, including β-amino carbonyl compounds and their derivatives, are commonly used as synthetic intermediates in manufacturing natural products, pharmaceuticals, physiologically active molecules, and medicines. Synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds involves many processes, including Mannich and aza-Michael reactions. The synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds remains challenging for chemists due to their severe side products. Researchers have now used nanocatalysts to achieve clean and smooth reactions, high purity of products, and reusability. Due to high surface area, nanocatalysts have tremendous catalytic activity. Nowadays many modified nanocatalyst have been developed to produce high yields of the products. The present review described the synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds by using different nanocatalysts reported to date.
{"title":"A review on synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds using nanocatalyst","authors":"Satyaranjan Behera","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomaterials have piqued researchers' interest in various fields due to their extraordinary advantages, which include a large surface area. The use of nanomaterials in catalysis is a hot issue for researchers. Catalysis plays a vital role in the synthesis of medicinal as well as pharmaceutical compounds. Pharmaceutical chemicals, including β-amino carbonyl compounds and their derivatives, are commonly used as synthetic intermediates in manufacturing natural products, pharmaceuticals, physiologically active molecules, and medicines. Synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds involves many processes, including Mannich and aza-Michael reactions. The synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds remains challenging for chemists due to their severe side products. Researchers have now used nanocatalysts to achieve clean and smooth reactions, high purity of products, and reusability. Due to high surface area, nanocatalysts have tremendous catalytic activity. Nowadays many modified nanocatalyst have been developed to produce high yields of the products. The present review described the synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds by using different nanocatalysts reported to date.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100064
Zhuo Wang
Macrocyclic natural products present as essential scaffolds in drug development. Excited by the biological properties of macrocyclic natural products, its synthesis and the development of macrocyclization methods is an important research area in organic and medicinal chemistry. In particular, macrocyclization preparing macrocyclic structures via catalytic functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds is increasingly prevalent in the literature. Here, we provide a minireview highlighting the contemporary advancements of catalytic macrocyclization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bond in method developments and natural product synthesis. Representative examples from 2017 to 2024 are discussed.
{"title":"Catalytic macrocyclization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bond in natural product synthesis","authors":"Zhuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrocyclic natural products present as essential scaffolds in drug development. Excited by the biological properties of macrocyclic natural products, its synthesis and the development of macrocyclization methods is an important research area in organic and medicinal chemistry. In particular, macrocyclization preparing macrocyclic structures <em>via</em> catalytic functionalization of unactivated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bonds is increasingly prevalent in the literature. Here, we provide a <em>minireview</em> highlighting the contemporary advancements of catalytic macrocyclization of unactivated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bond in method developments and natural product synthesis. Representative examples from 2017 to 2024 are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100063
Jens Wéry, Sofia Radelicki, Thomas J.N. Hooper, Margot Houbrechts, Kwinten Janssens, Wouter Stuyck, Dimitrios Sakellariou, Dirk E. De Vos
The atom-efficient esterification of phosphoric acid was investigated for the selective synthesis of phosphate mono-esters using an acid treated niobium oxide catalyst, avoiding the use of amines as is common in literature. Kinetic studies revealed that the heterogeneous catalyst exhibited higher selectivity for mono-esters compared to homogeneous acid catalysts, as supported by calculation of the relative reactivity of mono-ester and phosphoric acid with different catalysts. To characterize the catalyst, its Hammett acidity value (H0) was determined, while solid state 31P NMR enabled studying the adsorption of H3PO4. Due to the mild acidity of the niobium oxide, alcohols with acid-sensitive functions, including substituted double bonds, could be phosphorylated, enabling the synthesis of surfactants such as oleyl phosphate.
{"title":"Selective synthesis of phosphate mono-esters with an acidic modified niobium oxide catalyst","authors":"Jens Wéry, Sofia Radelicki, Thomas J.N. Hooper, Margot Houbrechts, Kwinten Janssens, Wouter Stuyck, Dimitrios Sakellariou, Dirk E. De Vos","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2025.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The atom-efficient esterification of phosphoric acid was investigated for the selective synthesis of phosphate mono-esters using an acid treated niobium oxide catalyst, avoiding the use of amines as is common in literature. Kinetic studies revealed that the heterogeneous catalyst exhibited higher selectivity for mono-esters compared to homogeneous acid catalysts, as supported by calculation of the relative reactivity of mono-ester and phosphoric acid with different catalysts. To characterize the catalyst, its Hammett acidity value (H<sub>0</sub>) was determined, while solid state <sup>31</sup>P NMR enabled studying the adsorption of H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. Due to the mild acidity of the niobium oxide, alcohols with acid-sensitive functions, including substituted double bonds, could be phosphorylated, enabling the synthesis of surfactants such as oleyl phosphate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100061
Ramesha Thongolla , Ummareddy Venkata Subba Reddy , Sailam Sri Gogula , Empati Raja Sekhar , Puchakayala Muralidhar Reddy , Anren Hu
We have developed an environmentally conscious green protocol to protect amine functional groups in drug discovery and the total synthesis of biologically active natural products. This method utilizes di-tert-butyl dicarbonate ((Boc)2O) to protect aromatic and aliphatic amines, with readily available picric acid (2 mol%) serving as a Brønsted acid catalyst. This approach enables rapid and high-yield (up to 98 %) protection of amines under completely solvent-free and eco-friendly conditions, thereby promoting a cleaner and more sustainable synthetic process.
{"title":"Solvent-free and eco-friendly green protocol for N-Boc Protection of amines using picric acid as a catalyst","authors":"Ramesha Thongolla , Ummareddy Venkata Subba Reddy , Sailam Sri Gogula , Empati Raja Sekhar , Puchakayala Muralidhar Reddy , Anren Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have developed an environmentally conscious green protocol to protect amine functional groups in drug discovery and the total synthesis of biologically active natural products. This method utilizes di-<em>tert</em>-butyl dicarbonate ((Boc)<sub>2</sub>O) to protect aromatic and aliphatic amines, with readily available picric acid (2 mol%) serving as a Brønsted acid catalyst. This approach enables rapid and high-yield (up to 98 %) protection of amines under completely solvent-free and eco-friendly conditions, thereby promoting a cleaner and more sustainable synthetic process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100060
Luiz H. Dapper , Viviane T. Mena , Márcio S. Silva , Filipe Penteado , Eder J. Lenardão
A sustainable and atom-economic method was developed to prepare functionalized nitroalkyl pyrroles through a multicomponent reaction involving anilines, hexane-2,5-dione, and β-nitrostyrene derivatives. Ammonium niobium oxalate (ANO) was used as a cheap and reusable catalyst with ethanol as an eco-friendly solvent. A total of twenty-five N-substituted nitroalkyl-functionalized pyrroles were prepared in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93%). The method was successfully applied to electron-rich and electron-poor anilines, as well as to butylamine, simply by using a telescoping procedure (one-pot). Besides, the easy transformation of the obtained product in a primary amine was demonstrated.
{"title":"ANO-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of 3-nitroalkyl-N-substituted pyrroles","authors":"Luiz H. Dapper , Viviane T. Mena , Márcio S. Silva , Filipe Penteado , Eder J. Lenardão","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable and atom-economic method was developed to prepare functionalized nitroalkyl pyrroles through a multicomponent reaction involving anilines, hexane-2,5-dione, and <em>β</em>-nitrostyrene derivatives. Ammonium niobium oxalate (ANO) was used as a cheap and reusable catalyst with ethanol as an eco-friendly solvent. A total of twenty-five <em>N</em>-substituted nitroalkyl-functionalized pyrroles were prepared in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93%). The method was successfully applied to electron-rich and electron-poor anilines, as well as to butylamine, simply by using a telescoping procedure (one-pot). Besides, the easy transformation of the obtained product in a primary amine was demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100059
Nila Davari , Ermelinda Falletta , Claudia L. Bianchi , Viviane Yargeau , Cristina Rodriguez-Seco , Daria C. Boffito
We proposed a two-step synthesis process to fabricate floating TiO2 and Ag-decorated TiO2 (Ag/TiO2) photocatalysts. In the first step, an ultrasound-assisted sol-gel method followed by spray drying was adopted to synthesize powder photocatalysts. Next, the powder samples were immobilized onto a floating polyurethane foam (PUF) support with an ultrasound-assisted impregnation method. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 was evaluated to remove methyl orange (MO) as a dye pollutant in two suspended and floating photocatalytic systems. Ag decoration on TiO2 improved the optical and textural properties by narrowing the bandgap energy to 2.9 eV and increasing the surface area from 10 m2/g to 30 m2/g. Ag/TiO2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to TiO2 for MO removal, which was 98 % for suspended and 95 % for floating catalysts under simulated sunlight irradiation. In addition, floating photocatalysts exhibited higher photocatalytic activity over five cycles of reuse. Floating Ag/TiO2@PUF maintained 89 % of its initial photoactivity, while suspended Ag/TiO2 lost 50 % after the five cycles. Moreover, we investigated the effect of operating conditions on the photocatalytic performance of floating Ag/TiO2@PUF. Optimal conditions for the complete removal of MO below detection limits were obtained as follows: Ag/TiO2@PUF loading = 0.4:200 g/mL, initial MO concentration = 5 mg/L, time = 90 min, and pH = 4 under simulated sunlight irradiation. This study highlights the potential of floating photocatalyst systems as a sustainable, reusable, and scalable approach for wastewater treatment, addressing challenges in catalyst recovery and efficiency under real-world conditions.
{"title":"Comparing the photocatalytic activity of suspended and floating Ag-decorated TiO2 for dye removal","authors":"Nila Davari , Ermelinda Falletta , Claudia L. Bianchi , Viviane Yargeau , Cristina Rodriguez-Seco , Daria C. Boffito","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We proposed a two-step synthesis process to fabricate floating TiO<sub>2</sub> and Ag-decorated TiO<sub>2</sub> (Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>) photocatalysts. In the first step, an ultrasound-assisted sol-gel method followed by spray drying was adopted to synthesize powder photocatalysts. Next, the powder samples were immobilized onto a floating polyurethane foam (PUF) support with an ultrasound-assisted impregnation method. The photocatalytic activity of TiO<sub>2</sub> and Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> was evaluated to remove methyl orange (MO) as a dye pollutant in two suspended and floating photocatalytic systems. Ag decoration on TiO<sub>2</sub> improved the optical and textural properties by narrowing the bandgap energy to 2.9 eV and increasing the surface area from 10 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 30 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibited higher photocatalytic activity compared to TiO<sub>2</sub> for MO removal, which was 98 % for suspended and 95 % for floating catalysts under simulated sunlight irradiation. In addition, floating photocatalysts exhibited higher photocatalytic activity over five cycles of reuse. Floating Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>@PUF maintained 89 % of its initial photoactivity, while suspended Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub> lost 50 % after the five cycles. Moreover, we investigated the effect of operating conditions on the photocatalytic performance of floating Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>@PUF. Optimal conditions for the complete removal of MO below detection limits were obtained as follows: Ag/TiO<sub>2</sub>@PUF loading = 0.4:200 g/mL, initial MO concentration = 5 mg/L, time = 90 min, and pH = 4 under simulated sunlight irradiation. This study highlights the potential of floating photocatalyst systems as a sustainable, reusable, and scalable approach for wastewater treatment, addressing challenges in catalyst recovery and efficiency under real-world conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100057
Fawaz Al Hussein , Andreas Hartwig , Henning Großekappenberg
Fixation of carbon dioxide is a key issue for the sustainable synthesis of chemical compounds. A catalyst system for the preparation of cyclic carbonates by the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2) onto epoxides is presented. This system is designed for easy application due to the availability of the compounds on an industrial scale as well as moderate reaction conditions. Notably, it avoids the use of metal-halogen catalysts and instead employs a tertiary amine as the catalytic center, in conjunction with an alcohol acting as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The kinetics of the cycloaddition reaction between epoxides and CO2 were thoroughly investigated using IR spectroscopy. Remarkably, optimization of the amino-to-alcohol group ratio and the amine structure was carried out to enhance the overall performance of the catalyst system showing a synergistic effect between the tertiary amine and the hydroxyl. Most notably, this entire process is conducted without the use of solvents and operates at ambient pressure, underscoring its significant ecological advantages.
固定二氧化碳是可持续合成化合物的一个关键问题。本文介绍了一种通过将二氧化碳 (CO2) 固定在环氧化物上制备环状碳酸盐的催化剂系统。该系统的设计易于应用，因为可以在工业规模上获得化合物，而且反应条件适中。值得注意的是，它避免了使用金属卤素催化剂，而是采用叔胺作为催化中心，同时使用醇作为氢键供体（HBD）。利用红外光谱对环氧化物与 CO2 的环化反应动力学进行了深入研究。值得注意的是，通过优化氨基与酒精基团的比例以及胺的结构，提高了催化剂系统的整体性能，显示了叔胺与羟基之间的协同效应。最值得注意的是，整个过程无需使用溶剂，并在环境压力下运行，这突出了其显著的生态优势。
{"title":"Synergistic effects of hydroxyl and tertiary amine in the catalytic carbonatization of epoxides with CO2 at atmospheric pressure","authors":"Fawaz Al Hussein , Andreas Hartwig , Henning Großekappenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fixation of carbon dioxide is a key issue for the sustainable synthesis of chemical compounds. A catalyst system for the preparation of cyclic carbonates by the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) onto epoxides is presented. This system is designed for easy application due to the availability of the compounds on an industrial scale as well as moderate reaction conditions. Notably, it avoids the use of metal-halogen catalysts and instead employs a tertiary amine as the catalytic center, in conjunction with an alcohol acting as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD). The kinetics of the cycloaddition reaction between epoxides and CO<sub>2</sub> were thoroughly investigated using IR spectroscopy. Remarkably, optimization of the amino-to-alcohol group ratio and the amine structure was carried out to enhance the overall performance of the catalyst system showing a synergistic effect between the tertiary amine and the hydroxyl. Most notably, this entire process is conducted without the use of solvents and operates at ambient pressure, underscoring its significant ecological advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbonyl compounds are widely found in various chemical reactions and natural products. Herein, a light-driven carbonylative cross-coupling reaction of bromobenzene was reported. Co2(CO)8 was used as an abundant solid carbonyl source to synthesize various Michael addition products with high yields. This reaction has broad substrates scope with good functional group tolerance. The mechanism study indicated that the reaction is achieved by the formation of benzoyl radical from homolytic C–Co cleavage under irradiation.
{"title":"Three-component carbonylative Michael addition of aryl bromides using abundant metal-carbonyl under light","authors":"Shiqian Zhang , Quansheng Mou , Bowen Cao, Tongyu Han, Mingxin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonyl compounds are widely found in various chemical reactions and natural products. Herein, a light-driven carbonylative cross-coupling reaction of bromobenzene was reported. Co<sub>2</sub>(CO)<sub>8</sub> was used as an abundant solid carbonyl source to synthesize various Michael addition products with high yields. This reaction has broad substrates scope with good functional group tolerance. The mechanism study indicated that the reaction is achieved by the formation of benzoyl radical from homolytic C–Co cleavage under irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100054
Animesh Mondal , Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
The electromagnetic radiation from microwave irradiation has been widely employed as a heating source in various significant organic transformations over the past two decades. The method, without adding any solvent while tied to microwave treatment, is acompletely environmentally benign platform with conspicuous advancements and has resulted in copious advantages with regards to rate of reaction and yield of the products compared to the other classical techniques. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to summarize some recently developed organic reactions based on microwave-radiated solvent-free protocols, which would be very efficient for academic and industrial use without affecting the principles of green chemistry.
{"title":"Solvent-free microwave reactions towards significant organic transformations: A green approach","authors":"Animesh Mondal , Chhanda Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tgchem.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The electromagnetic radiation from microwave irradiation has been widely employed as a heating source in various significant organic transformations over the past two decades. The method, without adding any solvent while tied to microwave treatment, is acompletely environmentally benign platform with conspicuous advancements and has resulted in copious advantages with regards to rate of reaction and yield of the products compared to the other classical techniques. Therefore, in this review, we have attempted to summarize some recently developed organic reactions based on microwave-radiated solvent-free protocols, which would be very efficient for academic and industrial use without affecting the principles of green chemistry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101215,"journal":{"name":"Tetrahedron Green Chem","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773223124000190/pdfft?md5=13bc8931d179a06382febe54ab35a9c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2773223124000190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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