Nipah virus outbreak trends in Bangladesh during the period 2001 to 2024: a brief review

Abstract

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic threat that has caused recurrent outbreaks in Bangladesh since 2001, raising significant public health concerns. This study provides a descriptive analysis of NiV outbreaks from 2001 to 2024, examining trends in infection and death rates and their correlation with climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. The findings highlight significant spikes in NiV cases during specific years, with environmental factors, particularly temperature and precipitation, showing solid correlations with outbreak patterns. The study also explores the impact of population dynamics on transmission risks, including urbanization and density. By focusing on these factors, this research supports the development of targeted public health interventions in high-risk areas, particularly in Bangladesh's northwestern and central districts, where recurrent outbreaks have been observed. These insights improve surveillance and preventive strategies for mitigating future NiV outbreaks.