The vulnerability of migrant women working in agriculture in Spain: A qualitative study from the perspective of social and health professionals

Abstract

Workers from developing countries migrate to Spain to meet the need for low-skilled labour in the agricultural sector. This study aims to explore health and social professionals' discourses on the agricultural work of migrant women in Spain from a gender perspective. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted using 87 semi-structured interviews with 92 professionals from non-governmental organizations, health, and social services between January and October 2021. Thematic analysis was used with Atlas.ti web software. Two main themes emerged: 1) Feminised tasks in agriculture and 2) Harassment towards women. Participants highlighted specific work types and conditions, harassment, sexual harassment, partner influence, and the health consequences of these inequalities on women. Seasonal migrant women face challenges due to their migration status, precarious working conditions, and gender vulnerability. Labour and sexual harassment, and lack of support networks and resources perpetuate their exclusion, affecting their physical and mental health. Public policies are needed to guarantee these women's labour rights and comprehensive care from health and social professionals with an intersectional perspective.