Despite increasing efforts to promote female entrepreneurship globally, the pace of progress across ASEAN economies remains uneven. In literature, the influence of deep-rooted cultural norms and societal values is less frequently explored. This study aims to examine the role of national cultural dimensions in influencing female entrepreneurship. Utilizing panel data from selected ASEAN countries spanning 2000 to 2024, the study employs a robust empirical strategy incorporating fixed effects, two-stage least squares (2SLS), and the two-step system GMM. These methods help address issues of endogeneity, omitted variable bias, and unobserved heterogeneity to ensure the credibility of the results. The analysis reveals that power distance negatively impacts women's entrepreneurial participation by reinforcing hierarchical barriers and restricting access to networks and knowledge. Similarly, high uncertainty avoidance dampens entrepreneurial activity by amplifying fear of failure and discouraging risk-taking. In contrast, individualism, long-term orientation, and indulgence show positive associations with female entrepreneurship, as these values support independence, planning, resilience, and informal social support. The findings underscore the importance of culturally informed policy design. Governments and development agencies should implement strategies that challenge hierarchical norms, encourage individual initiative, promote long-term strategic thinking, and foster open, supportive ecosystems for women entrepreneurs. This study makes a significant contribution by integrating social role theory with extensive empirical analysis across culturally diverse ASEAN nations over 24 years. It moves beyond structural explanations to highlight the often-overlooked cultural underpinnings of female entrepreneurship, providing actionable insights for inclusive development.
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