Assessing insecticide treated nets awareness at Njala University: case study of Njala and Towama Campuses, Sierra Leone.

Abstract

Background: Malaria is a significant health challenge in Sierra Leone, particularly affecting pregnant women and children under five years of age. Despite efforts to reduce malaria cases, its prevalence remains high. The Sierra Leone National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan (NMESP) 2021-2025 aims to reduce the malaria burden significantly through universal access to Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs).

Objective: This study evaluates the knowledge and utilization of ITNs for malaria control in the Moyamba and Bo districts of Sierra Leone (at the Njala University's Main Campus in Moyamba District and Towama Location on Bo Campus in Bo District). It assesses awareness levels, factors associated with ITN use, and the effectiveness of current campaign strategies.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2023, involving 742 participants from the Moyamba and Bo districts. Data were collected using a pretested interview guide covering ITN ownership, usage, and challenges. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's Chi-squared test were used for data analysis.

Results: Of the respondents, 84.8% received training on ITN usage, primarily from health workers (46.1%). Most participants (94.7%) understood that ITNs provide protection against mosquitoes, and 84.5% believed in their effectiveness in preventing malaria. Sociodemographic factors like age, sex, education, marital status, and sources of information were significantly associated with ITN knowledge and utilization. Moreover, health workers' campaigns and interpersonal networks (community leaders, plus family and friends) play crucial roles in promoting ITN utilization, while mass media campaigns alone may not suffice. However, 48.2% of the participants found current ITN campaign strategies effective.

Conclusion: While awareness and ownership of ITNs are high in the Moyamba and Bo districts, utilization is hindered by various factors, including availability and alternative uses. Enhanced campaign strategies and increased ITN distribution are necessary to improve usage and reduce malaria incidence.