Association between erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese pregnant women.

IF 4.3 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS European Journal of Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI:10.1007/s00394-025-03603-2

Nu Tang, Yannan He, Shamshad Karatela, Jinjing Zhong, Xiaoling Zeng, Qinggui Lu, Feng Zhao, Li Cai

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Abstract

Purpose: To explore the associations of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women.

Methods: A total of 951 women in mid-pregnancy (20-28 weeks of gestation) were recruited during 2017-2018. Erythrocyte PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography and expressed as a percentage of total fatty acids. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was used for GDM diagnosis. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were conducted.

Results: Among the 951 pregnant women, 180 were diagnosed with GDM (18.93%). For n-3 PUFAs, each standard deviation (SD) increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was associated with multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 0.789 (95% CI: 0.649, 0.961; P = 0.018) and 0.782 (95% CI: 0.638, 0.957; P = 0.017), respectively. However, the associations became marginally significant after post hoc false-discovery rate (FDR) correction (both P_FDR=0.065). A significant nonlinear association was observed for ALA and GDM risk (P_{- nonlinearity}=0.001). For n-6 PUFAs, γ-linolenic acid (GLA) was significantly associated with a 46.0% higher risk of GDM [OR (95%CI): 1.460 (1.195, 1.785), P_FDR=0.003) per SD increase], with a significant non-linear relationship (P_{- nonlinearity}=0.031). Arachidonic acid (AA) showed a borderline significant association with lower GDM risk after FDR correction [OR (95%CI): 0.736 (0.568, 0.953), P = 0.020, P_FDR=0.065].

Conclusion: Erythrocyte GLA was significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM in pregnant women. Furthermore, we observed for the first time significant non-linear associations of erythrocyte ALA and GLA with GDM risk.

Clinical trial registry number: NCT03023293, 2019-01-11.

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中国孕妇红细胞多不饱和脂肪酸与妊娠糖尿病的关系

目的：探讨孕妇红细胞多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）风险的关系。方法：2017-2018年共招募951名妊娠中期（妊娠20-28周）的女性。用气相色谱法测定红细胞PUFAs，并以总脂肪酸的百分比表示。采用75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验诊断GDM。进行了Logistic回归和限制三次样条模型。结果：951例孕妇中有180例确诊为GDM，占18.93%。对于n-3 PUFAs， α-亚麻酸（ALA）和二十碳五烯酸（DPA）每增加一个标准差（SD），多变量校正比值比（or）为0.789 (95% CI: 0.649, 0.961；P = 0.018)和0.782 (95% CI: 0.638, 0.957；P = 0.017)。然而，在事后错误发现率（FDR）校正后（两者的PFDR均=0.065），这种关联变得微乎其微。ALA和GDM风险之间存在显著的非线性关联（P非线性=0.001）。对于n-6 PUFAs， γ-亚麻酸（GLA）与GDM风险增加46.0%显著相关[OR (95%CI): 1.460 (1.195, 1.785)， PFDR=0.003) / SD增加]，具有显著的非线性关系（P-非线性=0.031）。花生四烯酸（AA）与FDR校正后GDM风险降低呈临界显著相关[OR (95%CI): 0.736 (0.568, 0.953), P = 0.020， PFDR=0.065]。结论：红细胞GLA与孕妇GDM风险增加显著相关。此外，我们首次观察到红细胞ALA和GLA与GDM风险之间存在显著的非线性关联。临床试验注册号：NCT03023293, 2019-01-11。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

2.00%

发文量

295

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Nutrition publishes original papers, reviews, and short communications in the nutritional sciences. The manuscripts submitted to the European Journal of Nutrition should have their major focus on the impact of nutrients and non-nutrients on immunology and inflammation, gene expression, metabolism, chronic diseases, or carcinogenesis, or a major focus on epidemiology, including intervention studies with healthy subjects and with patients, biofunctionality of food and food components, or the impact of diet on the environment.