Exploring the Role of Land Utilization, Renewable Energy, and ICT to Counter the Environmental Emission: A Panel Study of Selected G20 and OECD Countries

Abstract

Understanding the complex connections between land utilization, economic activity, technological development, and carbon emissions will be essential as the world struggles to address climate change and the resulting environmental problems. For empirical analysis, we have used pooled mean group (PMG) and Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR) to precisely capture the details of these relationships across various quantiles. The study uses a balanced panel dataset from 1980 to 2019 that includes 10 emerging nations which are common in G20 and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and China. The study discovers an environmental Kuznets curve with an inverted U form, highlighting the complex link between economic development and environmental degradation in emerging countries. The study also clarifies how internet use, foreign direct investment, and renewable energy (REN) affect environmental consequences at different quantiles. Moreover, the findings confirm the adverse impact of carbon emission, FDI, and REN on land degradation. The findings have implications for sustainable development policy, highlighting the necessity of customized approaches for the distinct contexts and levels of development of every nation.