Sen Niu, Minghui Li, Yan Jiang, Yujun Wang, Qibiao Ren
Carbendazim, a commonly used fungicide, was identified as a contributor to soil degradation. Despite the extensive use of carbendazim, the degradation mechanisms and the removal process of carbendazim in the soil environment were not yet fully understood. A deeper understanding of the degradation pathways of carbendazim was considered essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate long-term environmental impacts. The degradation of carbendazim using ozone in water and soil environments was investigated with the simulation experiments of ozone exposure in water and soil, and the degradation pathways and removal efficiency of carbendazim in water were also explored under different conditions in the study. The results showed that ozone-induced degradation proceeded in three stages: rapid removal, slow removal, and equilibrium. In water, ozone directly reacted with carbendazim, generating hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), which oxidized carbendazim into intermediates, including 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-hydroxybenzimidazole, 2-benzimidazolone, and o-phenylenediamine. The intermediates eventually degraded into nontoxic byproducts such as carbon dioxide and water. In soil, ozone treatment enhanced the removal of carbendazim by catalyzing the production of active substances, including hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Increasing the aeration frequency to four times daily significantly improved the efficiency of carbendazim removal, reaching the peak removal rate of 70.4% after 21 days of ozone exposure in the soil. The findings of this study clarified the theoretical mechanisms of ozone treatment for carbendazim remediation, highlighted the critical role of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) in the degradation process, and established a scientific foundation for developing remediation strategies targeting carbendazim-induced soil contamination.
{"title":"Removal Mechanism of Carbendazim in Water by Ozone and Remediation of Carbendazim Pollution in Soil","authors":"Sen Niu, Minghui Li, Yan Jiang, Yujun Wang, Qibiao Ren","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5620","url":null,"abstract":"Carbendazim, a commonly used fungicide, was identified as a contributor to soil degradation. Despite the extensive use of carbendazim, the degradation mechanisms and the removal process of carbendazim in the soil environment were not yet fully understood. A deeper understanding of the degradation pathways of carbendazim was considered essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate long-term environmental impacts. The degradation of carbendazim using ozone in water and soil environments was investigated with the simulation experiments of ozone exposure in water and soil, and the degradation pathways and removal efficiency of carbendazim in water were also explored under different conditions in the study. The results showed that ozone-induced degradation proceeded in three stages: rapid removal, slow removal, and equilibrium. In water, ozone directly reacted with carbendazim, generating hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), which oxidized carbendazim into intermediates, including 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-hydroxybenzimidazole, 2-benzimidazolone, and o-phenylenediamine. The intermediates eventually degraded into nontoxic byproducts such as carbon dioxide and water. In soil, ozone treatment enhanced the removal of carbendazim by catalyzing the production of active substances, including hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). Increasing the aeration frequency to four times daily significantly improved the efficiency of carbendazim removal, reaching the peak removal rate of 70.4% after 21 days of ozone exposure in the soil. The findings of this study clarified the theoretical mechanisms of ozone treatment for carbendazim remediation, highlighted the critical role of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) in the degradation process, and established a scientific foundation for developing remediation strategies targeting carbendazim-induced soil contamination.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quantity of stumps within the reforested area after clear-cutting accounted for one-sixth of the total plant biomass. This is of significant importance for the carbon and nutrient cycles within the plantation ecosystem. Nevertheless, most studies relating to stump decomposition have focused on temperate and boreal plantations, creating a large gap in the understanding of carbon and nutrient dynamics in subtropical plantations. Here, we conducted a chronosequence method to investigate the carbon and nutrient dynamics associated with the decomposition of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stump in subtropical China. After the Chinese fir plantation was cleared, the mean mass of the stump was 31.0 Mg/ha. The decomposition rate constant (k, year−1) was 0.01, resulting in an estimated half-life (t0.5) of 63 years. During the 35-year decay period, an average of 52.4%, 57.8%, and 61.2% of carbon, lignin, and cellulose was lost from the stumps, respectively. Interestingly, nitrogen and phosphorus stocks in stumps remained stable compared to their stocks at the initial time. In contrast, sodium and calcium stocks decreased by 11.0% and 24.1% of their initial amounts, respectively, while potassium and magnesium stocks increased by more than 1.6 and 1.8 times, respectively. These likely resulted from structural degradation, especially lignin degradation, which may promote microbial nutrient immobilization and accumulate their stocks in decomposing stumps. Furthermore, stump decomposition and nutrient return altered soil nutrient status and microbial communities. We found that the stocks of soil carbon, nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen all significantly increased after 2 years of harvest, indicating a nutrient retention at the early stage. This study suggests that stump decomposition can function as an important carbon source and nutrient sink in subtropical plantations, especially at the early decomposition stage. Therefore, forest managers should keep stumps after forest harvest to benefit tree growth in the subsequent plantation rotation.
{"title":"Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics During Decomposition of Chinese Fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) Stumps in Subtropical Plantations","authors":"Zebin Jiao, Zhenhong Hu, Yinglong Chen, Zhiqun Huang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5618","url":null,"abstract":"The quantity of stumps within the reforested area after clear-cutting accounted for one-sixth of the total plant biomass. This is of significant importance for the carbon and nutrient cycles within the plantation ecosystem. Nevertheless, most studies relating to stump decomposition have focused on temperate and boreal plantations, creating a large gap in the understanding of carbon and nutrient dynamics in subtropical plantations. Here, we conducted a chronosequence method to investigate the carbon and nutrient dynamics associated with the decomposition of Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>) stump in subtropical China. After the Chinese fir plantation was cleared, the mean mass of the stump was 31.0 Mg/ha. The decomposition rate constant (<i>k</i>, year<sup>−1</sup>) was 0.01, resulting in an estimated half-life (<i>t</i><sub>0.5</sub>) of 63 years. During the 35-year decay period, an average of 52.4%, 57.8%, and 61.2% of carbon, lignin, and cellulose was lost from the stumps, respectively. Interestingly, nitrogen and phosphorus stocks in stumps remained stable compared to their stocks at the initial time. In contrast, sodium and calcium stocks decreased by 11.0% and 24.1% of their initial amounts, respectively, while potassium and magnesium stocks increased by more than 1.6 and 1.8 times, respectively. These likely resulted from structural degradation, especially lignin degradation, which may promote microbial nutrient immobilization and accumulate their stocks in decomposing stumps. Furthermore, stump decomposition and nutrient return altered soil nutrient status and microbial communities. We found that the stocks of soil carbon, nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, and microbial biomass nitrogen all significantly increased after 2 years of harvest, indicating a nutrient retention at the early stage. This study suggests that stump decomposition can function as an important carbon source and nutrient sink in subtropical plantations, especially at the early decomposition stage. Therefore, forest managers should keep stumps after forest harvest to benefit tree growth in the subsequent plantation rotation.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinesihle Mcengwa, Siphamandla Nyambo, Vusi Erick Mbanjwa, Dimpho Elvis Elephant
Knowledge gaps remain regarding soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and aggregate dynamics under varying cropland abandonment periods, particularly within the context of degraded and low-SOC soils. This study aimed to assess the influence of cropping history and the period of cropland abandonment period on SOC, aggregate distribution, and aggregate associated carbon in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Two abandoned cropland sites, namely 2 LUC (abandoned since 2021) and 6 LUC (abandoned since 2017), were examined. Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm. The samples were analyzed for soil texture, pH, organic carbon, humic and fulvic acids, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K, wet and dry aggregate distribution, mean weight diameter (MWD), and aggregate associated organic carbon. Dry and water stable microaggregates plus individual particles dominated in 2 LUC, while 6 LUC showed an even distribution of large and small macroaggregates, along with microaggregates plus individual particles. Wet and dry MWD were significantly higher in 6 LUC across all depths. Macroaggregate associated organic carbon did not differ significantly between the sites and depths, whereas microaggregate associated organic carbon was consistent between sites but decreased with depth from 0–10 cm to 10–20 cm. The results highlight the complex interaction between soil structure, aggregate stability, and carbon content, suggesting that a combination of factors such as cropping history, soil disturbance, and biological activity shape aggregate characteristics, in addition to the effects of SOC. Additionally, the duration of cropland abandonment plays a key role in overcoming the legacy effects of prior land use.
{"title":"Cropping History and Cropland Abandonment Period Influenced Levels of Soil Organic Carbon, Distribution of Aggregates and Aggregate Associated Carbon","authors":"Sinesihle Mcengwa, Siphamandla Nyambo, Vusi Erick Mbanjwa, Dimpho Elvis Elephant","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5628","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge gaps remain regarding soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and aggregate dynamics under varying cropland abandonment periods, particularly within the context of degraded and low-SOC soils. This study aimed to assess the influence of cropping history and the period of cropland abandonment period on SOC, aggregate distribution, and aggregate associated carbon in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Two abandoned cropland sites, namely 2 LUC (abandoned since 2021) and 6 LUC (abandoned since 2017), were examined. Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm. The samples were analyzed for soil texture, pH, organic carbon, humic and fulvic acids, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K, wet and dry aggregate distribution, mean weight diameter (MWD), and aggregate associated organic carbon. Dry and water stable microaggregates plus individual particles dominated in 2 LUC, while 6 LUC showed an even distribution of large and small macroaggregates, along with microaggregates plus individual particles. Wet and dry MWD were significantly higher in 6 LUC across all depths. Macroaggregate associated organic carbon did not differ significantly between the sites and depths, whereas microaggregate associated organic carbon was consistent between sites but decreased with depth from 0–10 cm to 10–20 cm. The results highlight the complex interaction between soil structure, aggregate stability, and carbon content, suggesting that a combination of factors such as cropping history, soil disturbance, and biological activity shape aggregate characteristics, in addition to the effects of SOC. Additionally, the duration of cropland abandonment plays a key role in overcoming the legacy effects of prior land use.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hua Lu, Jieqin Wu, Guan Wang, Guowei Song, Jing Ye, Yongbing Yang
Improving cultivated land use resilience (CLUR) is critical for ensuring global food security and achieving the global goal of zero hunger. Using panel data from 31 provinces (2011–2022) in China, this study analyses the time trends and regional differences in CLUR using the entropy, Theil index, global undesired super-efficiency SBM, and difference-in-difference methods. This study also examines the impact of socialized agricultural services (SAS) on CLUR. The findings show that CLUR levels in China have increased, with provincial differences initially narrowing and then widening. The major grain-producing areas, eastern and central China, have a higher CLUR level than the average level in China. After the pilot of the SAS policy, CLUR in central China exceeded that in eastern China, maintaining consistent growth, while Northeast China remains the lowest. SAS can improve CLUR, and this effect is more obvious in major grain-producing areas and areas with elevated levels of agricultural mechanization. SAS enhances CLUR through facilitating the enlargement of farmers' land management scale and improving the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use. China should cultivate diversified service organizations according to local conditions and innovate SAS methods, continue to improve SAS incentive policies, service specifications, supervision systems, and improve the service effect. Additionally, intensifying efforts to bolster the positive impacts of these services on the agricultural scale management and green transformation of cultivated land use, as well as to enhance CLUR, is imperative.
{"title":"Socialized Agricultural Services and Cultivated Land Use Resilience in China: Evolutionary Trends, Impact Mechanism, and Policy Implications","authors":"Hua Lu, Jieqin Wu, Guan Wang, Guowei Song, Jing Ye, Yongbing Yang","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5621","url":null,"abstract":"Improving cultivated land use resilience (CLUR) is critical for ensuring global food security and achieving the global goal of zero hunger. Using panel data from 31 provinces (2011–2022) in China, this study analyses the time trends and regional differences in CLUR using the entropy, Theil index, global undesired super-efficiency SBM, and difference-in-difference methods. This study also examines the impact of socialized agricultural services (SAS) on CLUR. The findings show that CLUR levels in China have increased, with provincial differences initially narrowing and then widening. The major grain-producing areas, eastern and central China, have a higher CLUR level than the average level in China. After the pilot of the SAS policy, CLUR in central China exceeded that in eastern China, maintaining consistent growth, while Northeast China remains the lowest. SAS can improve CLUR, and this effect is more obvious in major grain-producing areas and areas with elevated levels of agricultural mechanization. SAS enhances CLUR through facilitating the enlargement of farmers' land management scale and improving the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use. China should cultivate diversified service organizations according to local conditions and innovate SAS methods, continue to improve SAS incentive policies, service specifications, supervision systems, and improve the service effect. Additionally, intensifying efforts to bolster the positive impacts of these services on the agricultural scale management and green transformation of cultivated land use, as well as to enhance CLUR, is imperative.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belchior Oliveira Trigueiro da Silva, Ademir De Oliveira Ferreira, Rattan Lal, Thiago Massao Inagaki, Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado, João Carlos De Moraes Sá, Edivan Rodrigues de Souza, Aline Roma Tomaz, William Ramos da Silva, Felipe José Cury Fracetto
Frequent and intensive tillage in conventional agriculture disrupts soil aggregates, engendering significant depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Long-term studies are essential for assessing the impact of sustainable practices on aggregate dynamics and carbon sequestration in sugarcane monocropping in tropical ecosystems. The following hypothesis was first, conventional sugarcane management would degrade soil, thereby reducing C stocks and breaking down aggregates. Second, conservation management that involves reduced disturbance could restore C storage, reaching levels similar to those observed in native vegetation (NV) over time. Third, macroaggregation could be a key mechanism for C storage under conservation management. This study evaluated the distribution of SOC among distinct aggregate classes under conventional (CC) and minimum (MC) cultivation in a 60-year-old sugarcane system, comparing results with undisturbed NV. The monitored properties included aggregate mass, SOC content and stock, weighted average diameter (WAD), aggregate and C stability indexes (ASI and CSI), soil C–CO2 emissions, and C preservation capacity (CPC). The long-term CC had a significant impact on aggregate dynamics, manifesting in a reduction in macroaggregate mass and SOC content, an increase in CO2 emissions, and a decrease in CPC. While the total SOC stock remained comparable in NV and MC (76 Mg C ha−1), CC led to a 20% SOC loss. Although CC led to an increase in microaggregate C, it failed to counterbalance the loss of macroaggregate C. The ASI, with a reliability of approximately 99% in NV, exhibited a decline of 1% at 10 cm and 2% at 20 cm under MC and CC conditions. Concurrently, WAD reduced by 16% at 10 cm. CSI exhibited higher levels in NV and MC compared to CC at 10 cm depth. CPC in large macroaggregates was highest in NV (21 g kg−1), decreasing by 50% in CC (7 g kg−1) and by 33% in MC (14 g kg−1). At a depth of 20 cm, large macroaggregate mass was 28% lower in CC and 14% lower in MC compared to NV, resulting in a 29% and 21% reduction in macroaggregate C stock, respectively. In summary, the application of MC resulted in the preservation of SOC stocks at levels comparable to those observed in NV, thereby underscoring its capacity to maintain crop sustainability and augment carbon sequestration in tropical sugarcane systems.
{"title":"Sixty Years of Sugarcane Monoculture Alters Carbon Preservation in Large Soil Macroaggregates in Tropical Soil","authors":"Belchior Oliveira Trigueiro da Silva, Ademir De Oliveira Ferreira, Rattan Lal, Thiago Massao Inagaki, Telmo Jorge Carneiro Amado, João Carlos De Moraes Sá, Edivan Rodrigues de Souza, Aline Roma Tomaz, William Ramos da Silva, Felipe José Cury Fracetto","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5616","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent and intensive tillage in conventional agriculture disrupts soil aggregates, engendering significant depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Long-term studies are essential for assessing the impact of sustainable practices on aggregate dynamics and carbon sequestration in sugarcane monocropping in tropical ecosystems. The following hypothesis was first, conventional sugarcane management would degrade soil, thereby reducing C stocks and breaking down aggregates. Second, conservation management that involves reduced disturbance could restore C storage, reaching levels similar to those observed in native vegetation (NV) over time. Third, macroaggregation could be a key mechanism for C storage under conservation management. This study evaluated the distribution of SOC among distinct aggregate classes under conventional (CC) and minimum (MC) cultivation in a 60-year-old sugarcane system, comparing results with undisturbed NV. The monitored properties included aggregate mass, SOC content and stock, weighted average diameter (WAD), aggregate and C stability indexes (ASI and CSI), soil C–CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and C preservation capacity (CPC). The long-term CC had a significant impact on aggregate dynamics, manifesting in a reduction in macroaggregate mass and SOC content, an increase in CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and a decrease in CPC. While the total SOC stock remained comparable in NV and MC (76 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup>), CC led to a 20% SOC loss. Although CC led to an increase in microaggregate C, it failed to counterbalance the loss of macroaggregate C. The ASI, with a reliability of approximately 99% in NV, exhibited a decline of 1% at 10 cm and 2% at 20 cm under MC and CC conditions. Concurrently, WAD reduced by 16% at 10 cm. CSI exhibited higher levels in NV and MC compared to CC at 10 cm depth. CPC in large macroaggregates was highest in NV (21 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), decreasing by 50% in CC (7 g kg<sup>−1</sup>) and by 33% in MC (14 g kg<sup>−1</sup>). At a depth of 20 cm, large macroaggregate mass was 28% lower in CC and 14% lower in MC compared to NV, resulting in a 29% and 21% reduction in macroaggregate C stock, respectively. In summary, the application of MC resulted in the preservation of SOC stocks at levels comparable to those observed in NV, thereby underscoring its capacity to maintain crop sustainability and augment carbon sequestration in tropical sugarcane systems.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Livestock raising provides a livelihood for millions of people who inhabit forests worldwide. However, browsing and trampling can disrupt the regeneration of tree species, compromising the persistence of native forests in the long term. Therefore, in this study, we assess low-cost restoration practices compatible with livestock production. Specifically, we tested the effect of thorny branch protection on the survival and growth of natural regeneration and nursery-grown saplings of Lithraea molleoides. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of hydrogel application on protected and unprotected L. molleoides nursery-grown saplings. Finally, we compared the survival and growth of protected and unprotected natural regeneration versus nursery-grown saplings. In three fields under different grazing pressures, we marked 105 L. molleoides seedlings < 40 cm height (we protected 69, whereas 36 remained unprotected). Also, we transplanted 120 saplings > 70 cm height that were randomly assigned to four treatments (protected-with- and without-hydrogel; unprotected-with- and without-hydrogel). The protection with thorny branches facilitated the growth of natural regeneration and nursery-grown saplings. However, the efficiency of this practice depended on the grazing pressure, being more effective in the field with lower grazing pressure. Hydrogel addition did not affect nursery-grown saplings survival or growth, suggesting that in our study system the main filter to L. molleoides regeneration is cattle browsing and trampling. Finally, protecting naturally recruited individuals was more effective than protecting nursery-grown saplings. The practice assessed in this study allows for combining restoring and producing activities rather than separating them, thereby adapting to the management objectives of land owners and incorporating human livelihood needs in restoration plans.
{"title":"Integrating Restoration Practices With Productive Activities to Promote the Sustainable Management of Dry Forests Devoted to Livestock Raising","authors":"Laura Cavallero, Martín H. Zárate","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5615","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock raising provides a livelihood for millions of people who inhabit forests worldwide. However, browsing and trampling can disrupt the regeneration of tree species, compromising the persistence of native forests in the long term. Therefore, in this study, we assess low-cost restoration practices compatible with livestock production. Specifically, we tested the effect of thorny branch protection on the survival and growth of natural regeneration and nursery-grown saplings of <i>Lithraea molleoides</i>. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of hydrogel application on protected and unprotected <i>L. molleoides</i> nursery-grown saplings. Finally, we compared the survival and growth of protected and unprotected natural regeneration versus nursery-grown saplings. In three fields under different grazing pressures, we marked 105 <i>L. molleoides</i> seedlings < 40 cm height (we protected 69, whereas 36 remained unprotected). Also, we transplanted 120 saplings > 70 cm height that were randomly assigned to four treatments (protected-with- and without-hydrogel; unprotected-with- and without-hydrogel). The protection with thorny branches facilitated the growth of natural regeneration and nursery-grown saplings. However, the efficiency of this practice depended on the grazing pressure, being more effective in the field with lower grazing pressure. Hydrogel addition did not affect nursery-grown saplings survival or growth, suggesting that in our study system the main filter to <i>L. molleoides</i> regeneration is cattle browsing and trampling. Finally, protecting naturally recruited individuals was more effective than protecting nursery-grown saplings. The practice assessed in this study allows for combining restoring and producing activities rather than separating them, thereby adapting to the management objectives of land owners and incorporating human livelihood needs in restoration plans.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143849453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Senzheng Chen, Huichun Ye, Shanyu Huang, Longlong Zhao, Chaojia Nie, Yinzhi Chen
The extraction of sugarcane planting distribution provides a scientific basis and theoretical support for local sugarcane cultivation management and the prediction of sugarcane yield. Sugarcane predominantly grows in tropical and subtropical regions characterized by cloudy and rainy conditions. Optical satellite remote sensing imagery is greatly affected by cloud and rain interference. In contrast, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data exhibit strong penetration capabilities, enabling effective imaging in overcast, rainy, and cloudy environments. Focusing on Fusui County, Guangxi Province, China, this research utilizes Sentinel-1 radar data and integrates the phenological features of sugarcane growth. A sugarcane planting distribution extraction model is constructed using a random forest classifier. The results demonstrate that the phenological feature approach based on temporal radar scattering characteristics achieves superior performance in sugarcane identification and extraction. The overall accuracy surpasses 92.18%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.89. This method exhibits a 3.33% accuracy improvement compared to single-period radar scattering feature methods. Therefore, this radar-based method for extracting sugarcane planting distribution can effectively and accurately extract sugarcane cultivation patterns in regions with complex cloud and rain conditions, such as Guangxi Province. It also serves as a methodological reference for extracting crop planting distributions in cloudy and rainy areas.
{"title":"Research on the Fusion of Time Series Sentinel-1 Data and Phenological Features for Sugarcane Planting Distribution Extraction","authors":"Senzheng Chen, Huichun Ye, Shanyu Huang, Longlong Zhao, Chaojia Nie, Yinzhi Chen","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5608","url":null,"abstract":"The extraction of sugarcane planting distribution provides a scientific basis and theoretical support for local sugarcane cultivation management and the prediction of sugarcane yield. Sugarcane predominantly grows in tropical and subtropical regions characterized by cloudy and rainy conditions. Optical satellite remote sensing imagery is greatly affected by cloud and rain interference. In contrast, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data exhibit strong penetration capabilities, enabling effective imaging in overcast, rainy, and cloudy environments. Focusing on Fusui County, Guangxi Province, China, this research utilizes Sentinel-1 radar data and integrates the phenological features of sugarcane growth. A sugarcane planting distribution extraction model is constructed using a random forest classifier. The results demonstrate that the phenological feature approach based on temporal radar scattering characteristics achieves superior performance in sugarcane identification and extraction. The overall accuracy surpasses 92.18%, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.89. This method exhibits a 3.33% accuracy improvement compared to single-period radar scattering feature methods. Therefore, this radar-based method for extracting sugarcane planting distribution can effectively and accurately extract sugarcane cultivation patterns in regions with complex cloud and rain conditions, such as Guangxi Province. It also serves as a methodological reference for extracting crop planting distributions in cloudy and rainy areas.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irum Shahzadi, Diogo Ferraz, Grzegorz Mentel, Salahuddin Khan, Yuriy Bilan
Globally, economies are highly concerned about the balance between climatic issues and attaining agricultural sustainability. However, empirical evidence regarding the nexus of agricultural sustainability, emissions, land use, and agricultural trade is scarce and requires appropriate policy-level attention. The current study examines the influence of land-use resources, agricultural exports, and foreign direct investment on agriculture-related greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil. Using various time series diagnostic measures on quarterly data from 1990Q1 to 2020Q4 reveals non-normality and a mixed order of stationarity in variables. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and quantile ARDL approach are employed for comprehensive empirical analysis. The results assert that land resources and foreign investments are harmful to environmental sustainability, as they significantly enhance agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, agricultural exports and green energy significantly contribute to emissions mitigation by tackling land-use and agricultural emissions in the short and long run. The results are robust across the ARDL and quantile regressions and pairwise granger causality. The study concludes that agricultural exports and land use are key factors inducing agricultural sustainability by inducing emissions. The study recommends increased spending on research and development, solar-based irrigation, and promotion of green energy projects. The study discusses novel findings and implications apropos land resources, foreign investments, agricultural exports, and emissions in the lens of COP 28.
{"title":"Do Land Resources, Agriculture Exports, and Agriculture Growth Induce Agriculture-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Novel Findings in the Lens of COP–28","authors":"Irum Shahzadi, Diogo Ferraz, Grzegorz Mentel, Salahuddin Khan, Yuriy Bilan","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5604","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, economies are highly concerned about the balance between climatic issues and attaining agricultural sustainability. However, empirical evidence regarding the nexus of agricultural sustainability, emissions, land use, and agricultural trade is scarce and requires appropriate policy-level attention. The current study examines the influence of land-use resources, agricultural exports, and foreign direct investment on agriculture-related greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil. Using various time series diagnostic measures on quarterly data from 1990Q1 to 2020Q4 reveals non-normality and a mixed order of stationarity in variables. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and quantile ARDL approach are employed for comprehensive empirical analysis. The results assert that land resources and foreign investments are harmful to environmental sustainability, as they significantly enhance agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, agricultural exports and green energy significantly contribute to emissions mitigation by tackling land-use and agricultural emissions in the short and long run. The results are robust across the ARDL and quantile regressions and pairwise granger causality. The study concludes that agricultural exports and land use are key factors inducing agricultural sustainability by inducing emissions. The study recommends increased spending on research and development, solar-based irrigation, and promotion of green energy projects. The study discusses novel findings and implications apropos land resources, foreign investments, agricultural exports, and emissions in the lens of COP 28.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xintong Liu, Liang Liu, Ruijiao Hou, Mingji Jin, Hongyuan Liu
The magnetic susceptibility (MS, including low-frequency mass-specific magnetic susceptibility <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and percent of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) of soil is crucial for indicating pedogenic processes and indirectly affects soil fertility. Alternating drought and waterlogging significantly decreased the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) of soil. In the western Songnen Plain of China, converting soda saline–alkaline wastelands into paddy fields causes continuous drought–waterlogging alternation of the soil. In this study, we aimed to reveal the environmental implications of MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) throughout this conversion and develop an identification method for soda saline–alkaline soils based on the relationship between the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) and saline–alkaline indicators. Topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from a soda saline–alkaline paddy field and wasteland in Niuxintaobao County, Da'an City, Jilin Province, China. Based on the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) and saline–alkaline indicators (e.g., total dissolved solids TDS, exchangeable sodium saturation percentage ESP, cation exchange capacity CEC, exchangeable sodium ENa) of soil, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation (ML-SEM) were conducted. The results revealed that the <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>% of paddy soil were lower than those of soda saline–alkaline wasteland. It's due to long-term waterlogging and human disturbances like irrigation, fertilization, and cultivation. Soda saline–alkaline soils are inherently less magnetic than other soil types. Under waterlogged and reducing conditions, ferrous magnetic minerals are destroyed, causing further magnetic attenuation during Hydragric Anthrosols' evolution. Generally, the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) of black soils ranges from 10 < <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> < 100 (× 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) and 2% < <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>% < 10%. In contrast, research shows that <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> < 14 ×10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> (Mean ± SD = 9.26 ± 1.56) and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>% < 4% (Mean ± SD = 2.46 ± 1.05) are suggested to be diagnostic characteristics of the surface layer of soda saline–alkaline soils in Northeast China. The correlation analysis and ML-SEM results indicate that the main factors influencing <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> in the paddy soils were the ENa, Cl<sup>−</sup>, TDS, ESP, Na<sup>+</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, with net effects of −0.990, 0.688, −0.3502, −0.3000, 0.2331, and 0.1746. ENa, TDS, and ESP significantly inhibited the <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> of paddy soils, while the Cl<sup>−</sup>, Na,<sup>+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> contents significantly promoted it. In contrast, the <i>χ</i><sub>fd</s
{"title":"Changes in Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and the Environmental Implications under the Conversion of Soda Saline–Alkaline Wastelands into Paddy Fields","authors":"Xintong Liu, Liang Liu, Ruijiao Hou, Mingji Jin, Hongyuan Liu","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5572","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetic susceptibility (MS, including low-frequency mass-specific magnetic susceptibility <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and percent of frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) of soil is crucial for indicating pedogenic processes and indirectly affects soil fertility. Alternating drought and waterlogging significantly decreased the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) of soil. In the western Songnen Plain of China, converting soda saline–alkaline wastelands into paddy fields causes continuous drought–waterlogging alternation of the soil. In this study, we aimed to reveal the environmental implications of MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) throughout this conversion and develop an identification method for soda saline–alkaline soils based on the relationship between the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) and saline–alkaline indicators. Topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from a soda saline–alkaline paddy field and wasteland in Niuxintaobao County, Da'an City, Jilin Province, China. Based on the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) and saline–alkaline indicators (e.g., total dissolved solids TDS, exchangeable sodium saturation percentage ESP, cation exchange capacity CEC, exchangeable sodium ENa) of soil, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation (ML-SEM) were conducted. The results revealed that the <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>% of paddy soil were lower than those of soda saline–alkaline wasteland. It's due to long-term waterlogging and human disturbances like irrigation, fertilization, and cultivation. Soda saline–alkaline soils are inherently less magnetic than other soil types. Under waterlogged and reducing conditions, ferrous magnetic minerals are destroyed, causing further magnetic attenuation during Hydragric Anthrosols' evolution. Generally, the MS (<i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>%) of black soils ranges from 10 < <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> < 100 (× 10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup>) and 2% < <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>% < 10%. In contrast, research shows that <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> < 14 ×10<sup>−8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> (Mean ± SD = 9.26 ± 1.56) and <i>χ</i><sub>fd</sub>% < 4% (Mean ± SD = 2.46 ± 1.05) are suggested to be diagnostic characteristics of the surface layer of soda saline–alkaline soils in Northeast China. The correlation analysis and ML-SEM results indicate that the main factors influencing <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> in the paddy soils were the ENa, Cl<sup>−</sup>, TDS, ESP, Na<sup>+</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, with net effects of −0.990, 0.688, −0.3502, −0.3000, 0.2331, and 0.1746. ENa, TDS, and ESP significantly inhibited the <i>χ</i><sub>lf</sub> of paddy soils, while the Cl<sup>−</sup>, Na,<sup>+</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> contents significantly promoted it. In contrast, the <i>χ</i><sub>fd</s","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is widely recognized as an important strategy for both agronomic productivity and environmental sustainability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of NUE at both global and country levels, including selected nations such as the United States, France, China, India, and South Africa. It also examines recent advancements in agricultural practices designed to enhance NUE and crop yields while minimizing the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers. The findings indicated that NUE in the world and in some countries, including the United States of America, France, and China, has been increasing with a different gradient, resulting in a decline in nitrogen surpluses contributing to environmental pollution in these countries over recent years. In contrast, countries such as India and South Africa have shown an increase in nitrogen surpluses. Additionally, enhancing NUE through innovative agronomic procedures and cutting-edge technologies is of importance for reducing reliance on heavy nitrogen applications and mitigating their environmental impact. It was concluded that harmonizing agronomic strategies with precision agriculture technological advancements can significantly improve NUE and preserve environmental health.
{"title":"Advancing Global Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Environmental Sustainability","authors":"S. Mirzaee, A. Mirzakhani Nafchi","doi":"10.1002/ldr.5614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5614","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is widely recognized as an important strategy for both agronomic productivity and environmental sustainability. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of NUE at both global and country levels, including selected nations such as the United States, France, China, India, and South Africa. It also examines recent advancements in agricultural practices designed to enhance NUE and crop yields while minimizing the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers. The findings indicated that NUE in the world and in some countries, including the United States of America, France, and China, has been increasing with a different gradient, resulting in a decline in nitrogen surpluses contributing to environmental pollution in these countries over recent years. In contrast, countries such as India and South Africa have shown an increase in nitrogen surpluses. Additionally, enhancing NUE through innovative agronomic procedures and cutting-edge technologies is of importance for reducing reliance on heavy nitrogen applications and mitigating their environmental impact. It was concluded that harmonizing agronomic strategies with precision agriculture technological advancements can significantly improve NUE and preserve environmental health.","PeriodicalId":203,"journal":{"name":"Land Degradation & Development","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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