Valorization of extractible soybean by-products for polymer composite and industrial applications

Abstract

Soybean, a versatile global crop, holds significant potential for applications beyond the food industry, extending into sectors such as coatings, corrosion inhibition, composite materials, adhesives, and bioplastics. While extensive research exists on soybean food and feed uses, a comprehensive synthesis of its industrial applications remains limited. This review bridges this gap by examining soybean’s chemical composition, extraction technologies, and emerging industrial uses. We explore how advancements in mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic extraction methods enhance yield and sustainability, comparing their efficiency and environmental impact. Moreover, we discuss innovative applications of soybean derivatives, such as epoxidized and acrylated soybean oils in coatings, isoflavone-rich extracts for corrosion protection, and soybean-based biocomposites and adhesives, highlighting recent developments in each area. The potential of computational approaches (e.g. CROPGRO, machine learning algorithms, and density functional theory) is also reviewed for their ability to optimize the processing and performance of soybean-based materials. Lastly, we identify key challenges, such as improving extraction efficiency, achieving material performance on par with synthetic alternatives, and suggesting pathways for sustainable industrial applications of soybeans. Looking forward, our review aims to guide innovation in soybean-based products, promoting their use as eco-friendly alternatives across diverse industries.