Design and application of transparent conductive films in the visible to short-wave infrared region: A review

Abstract

Transparent conductive films are critical in numerous applications, including display technology, sensor technology, energy science, military technology, and biomedical applications. However, commercially available indium tin oxide (ITO) has several shortcomings that limit its practical use, such as indium scarcity, high deposition temperatures, mechanical fragility, and limited optical transmission bands. These issues hinder the development of infrared optoelectronic devices. Optimizing electrical conductivity while maintaining optical transparency from visible to Short-wave infrared wavelengths presents significant challenges. To fabricate broadband transparent conductive films, this paper summarizes two major research directions. First, optimizing traditional films involves compositional tuning, optimization of preparation parameters, and doping strategies to enhance film performance. Second, developing new materials, such as carbon nanomaterials, metal nanowires, and ultrathin metal films, is crucial. This paper also details emerging applications of these materials in broadband optoelectronic devices, such as electromagnetic shielding, photodetectors, and solar cells, and offers a forward-looking perspective on future development trends. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in broadband transparent conductive films across multiple aspects, including optimization, preparation, applications, and challenges.