Friction anisotropy dependence on morphology of GLAD W films

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Tribology International Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1016/j.triboint.2025.110556

Guilherme B. Rodrigues, Nicolas Martin, Fabien Amiot, Guillaume Colas

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Abstract

Scratch tests on tungsten GLAD films examined friction anisotropy at various deposition angles (

α

), normal forces (

F_{N}

), and scratching directions (

ϕ

). A linear model of the coefficient of friction (

μ

) revealed four behavior groups, ranging from isotropic (

α

= 0°and 30°) to orthotropic (

α \geq

60°). Intermediate angles (40°

\leq α \leq

60°) showed slight non-centrosymmetric anisotropy. Post-scratch analysis linked these behaviors to film morphology. A transition from dense to columnar structures, with columns elongated perpendicular to the atom flux, influenced plasticity. Less deformation occurred along scratching directions (

ϕ

= 90°/270°) due to column chaining, resulting in higher friction. A mechanical model highlighted how morphology-driven plasticity variations explain the anisotropic behavior.

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摩擦各向异性对GLAD W薄膜形貌的影响

钨GLAD薄膜的划痕测试检测了不同沉积角度（α）、法向力（FN）和划痕方向（ϕ）下的摩擦各向异性。摩擦系数（μ）的线性模型显示了从各向同性（α = 0°和30°）到正交异性（α≥60°）的四个行为群。中间角（40°≤α≤60°）表现出轻微的非中心对称各向异性。划痕后分析将这些行为与薄膜形态联系起来。从致密结构到柱状结构的转变，柱状结构的拉长与原子通量垂直，影响了塑性。较小的变形发生沿着划痕方向（φ = 90°/270°）由于柱链，导致更高的摩擦。力学模型强调了形态驱动的塑性变化如何解释各向异性行为。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tribology International 工程技术-工程：机械

CiteScore

10.10

自引率

16.10%

发文量

627

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： Tribology is the science of rubbing surfaces and contributes to every facet of our everyday life, from live cell friction to engine lubrication and seismology. As such tribology is truly multidisciplinary and this extraordinary breadth of scientific interest is reflected in the scope of Tribology International. Tribology International seeks to publish original research papers of the highest scientific quality to provide an archival resource for scientists from all backgrounds. Written contributions are invited reporting experimental and modelling studies both in established areas of tribology and emerging fields. Scientific topics include the physics or chemistry of tribo-surfaces, bio-tribology, surface engineering and materials, contact mechanics, nano-tribology, lubricants and hydrodynamic lubrication.