Biological Efficiency of Kunzea ericoides Based On Bioactive Compounds and Impact of Extraction

Abstract

New Zealand is known for its diverse population of flora and fauna, of which 80 % are endemic. Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have profound and holistic knowledge of plants and utilize them in medicinal, spiritual, and ecological practices. Among these, kānuka has traditionally been used for medicinal purposes. Prior in vitro studies on kānuka extracts have demonstrated promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. These studies further recommend the translation of these findings into new medicines and commercial products. However, a significant knowledge gap regarding their therapeutic potential hinders their application in various industries. A deeper understanding of the biochemical composition of the extract and the mode of interaction to exert its bioactivity in the host is vital for achieving this. Hence, this review evaluates the bioactivities of kānuka in association with its bioactive compounds (polyphenolics and terpenoids) reported in the current literature. Knowing the critical role of extraction methodologies in determining bioactive composition, we highlighted their efficiency in the bioactivities of kānuka.