Recent Progress of Round-the-Clock Photocatalytic System in Environmental and Energy Applications: A Review

Abstract

The prevailing overdependence on fossil fuels contributes to energy supply instability and pronounced price volatility. The combustion of these fuels emits considerable greenhouse gases and pollutants, further deteriorating the climate and environment. In response, Round-the-Clock Photocatalytic Systems (RTCPs) have emerged as a viable technological solution, attracting significant research interest due to their convenience, sustainability, and environmental benefits etc. which act as “photo-batteries” facilitate catalytic processes in the absence of light, offering continuous operation. Given the considerable potential of RTCPs, a timely examination of recent advancements is essential to optimize efforts. This review delineates the fundamental mechanisms of RTCPs, explores innovative strategies and current developments, and addresses the challenges of scaling up production. It aims to provide new insights and serve as a foundational reference for future research on RTCPs.