Inorganic Nanoparticles-based Drug Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases Therapy.

Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are highly prevalent among the aging population. It primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS), but the effects are also observed in the peripheral nervous system. Neural degeneration is a progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, which may ultimately involve cell death. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates peripheral blood circulation from the central nervous system, is essential for maintaining intracerebral homeostasis. Drug delivery systems based on nanomaterials (NDDSs) employ nanoparticles (NPs) as their drug transport vehicles. Moreover, nanotechnologybased methods usually involve numerous nanosized carrier platforms, which potentiate the effect of the therapeutic agents in the therapy of NDs, especially in diagnosis and drug delivery, with negligible side effects. In addition, nanotechnology-based techniques have offered several strategies to cross BBB to intensify the bioavailability of drug moieties in the brain. In the last few years, diverse kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed by incorporating various biocompatible components (e.g., polysaccharide-based NPs, polymeric NPs, selenium NPs, AuNPs, protein-based NPs, gadolinium NPs, etc.), that showed great therapeutic benefits against NDs. The discussion concluded with a look at the opportunities and problems that come with NDDSs in modern basic and clinical research.